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北京市西城區(qū)2008年抽樣測(cè)試

高三語文試卷                          2008.5

    本試卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷兩部分。第Ⅰ卷1-4頁(yè),第Ⅱ卷5-10頁(yè),共150分。考試時(shí)間150分鐘。考試結(jié)束時(shí),將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

注意事項(xiàng):

1.考生作答第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷時(shí),務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上。在試卷上答題無效。

2.答題前,考生務(wù)必將答題卡上的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)用黑色字跡的簽字筆填寫,用2B鉛筆將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)對(duì)應(yīng)的信息點(diǎn)涂黑。

3.答第Ⅰ卷時(shí),每小題選出答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案選中涂滿涂黑,黑度以蓋住框內(nèi)字母為準(zhǔn)。如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后再選涂其他答案項(xiàng)。

    答第Ⅱ卷時(shí),必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆按題號(hào)順序答在紅色框答題區(qū)域相應(yīng)位置內(nèi),未在對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域作答或者超出答題區(qū)域作答均不得分。

第Ⅰ卷(選擇題  共30分)

試題詳情

北京西城區(qū)2008年5月抽樣

高三理科綜合能力測(cè)試

本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)。滿分300分,考試時(shí)間150分鐘。

題號(hào)

1-20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

總分

得分

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

可能用到的相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量:H1、C12、N14、O16、Na23

第Ⅰ卷(選擇題共20題  每題6分  共120分)

每小題選出答案后,在下列表格中找到對(duì)應(yīng)題目的相應(yīng)選項(xiàng)涂黑。

題號(hào)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

答案

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

在下列各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)是符合題目要求的。

1.瘧原蟲入侵紅細(xì)胞引起人患瘧疾,同時(shí)人體也能夠產(chǎn)生抵抗瘧原蟲感染的免疫力。下列敘述正確的是

A.瘧原蟲入侵人體后會(huì)引起細(xì)胞免疫和體液免疫

B.確定瘧原蟲的抗原結(jié)構(gòu)有助于疫苗的研制

C.人抵抗瘧疾不需要非特異性免疫

D.淋巴因子能夠增強(qiáng)抵抗瘧原蟲的免疫功能

2.下列曲線中能正確表示人體消化酶作用規(guī)律的是

A.Ⅰ和Ⅲ           B.Ⅱ和Ⅲ           C.Ⅰ和Ⅳ           D.Ⅱ和Ⅳ

3.現(xiàn)有某種農(nóng)作物的兩個(gè)品種:不抗寒(AA)抗倒伏(bb)高蛋白(DD)和抗寒(aa)不抗倒伏(BB)低蛋白(dd)。在雜合子中,三對(duì)等位基因分別位于非同源染色體上。如果要獲得抗寒、抗倒伏、高蛋白的優(yōu)質(zhì)品種,通過雜交育種在F2中符合育種要求的表現(xiàn)型和基因型個(gè)體所占比例分別為

A.1/64和3/64    B.3/64和1/64    C.9/64和1/32    D.27/64和3/64

4.某突觸前神經(jīng)元軸突末梢興奮,引起突觸小泡釋放某種遞質(zhì),遞質(zhì)與后膜受體結(jié)合后,提高了后膜對(duì)K+、Cl-的通透性,促使K+出細(xì)胞、Cl-進(jìn)細(xì)胞。下列表述正確的是

A.該遞質(zhì)與后膜受體結(jié)合后,使突觸后神經(jīng)元抑制

B.突觸后神經(jīng)元興奮或抑制的產(chǎn)生,與膜對(duì)離子的通透性有關(guān)

C.該遞質(zhì)與后膜受體結(jié)合后,使突觸后神經(jīng)元興奮

D.突觸后神經(jīng)元興奮或抑制的產(chǎn)生,與遞質(zhì)和受體的作用有關(guān)

5.下列說法不正確的是

A.為了減少白色污染,應(yīng)控制塑料袋的使用

B.采用無氰電鍍工藝是減少電鍍污染的重要途徑

C.研制開發(fā)燃料電池汽車,可減少機(jī)動(dòng)車尾氣污染

D.SO2、NO2或CO2都會(huì)導(dǎo)致酸雨的形成

6.下列說法正確的是

A.金屬陽(yáng)離子被還原時(shí)不一定得到金屬單質(zhì)

B.非金屬元素的最高價(jià)含氧酸都具有強(qiáng)氧化性

C.由共價(jià)鍵形成的分子一定是共價(jià)化合物

D.直徑介于1 nm~100 nm之間的微粒稱為膠體

7.下列各圖所示的實(shí)驗(yàn)原理、方法、裝置或操作,其中正確的是

8.氫鎳電池是一種應(yīng)用廣泛的可充電電池,它可以取代會(huì)產(chǎn)生鎘污染的鎘鎳電池。氫鎳電池的總反應(yīng)為H2+NiO(OH)Ni(OH)2,據(jù)此判斷,下列敘述中正確的是

A.電池放電時(shí),H2是正極

B.電池放電時(shí),鎳元素被氧化

C.電池充電時(shí),氫元素被還原

D.電池放電時(shí),電池負(fù)極周圍溶液的pH不斷增大

9.下列各組離子在指定條件下,一定能大量共存的是

A.使石蕊試液變紅色的溶液中:K+、Na+、、

B.在酸性高錳酸鉀溶液中:Na+、、I、Br

C.c(H+)=10-1 mol/L的溶液中:Cu2+、Al3+、

D.水電離出的c(H+)=10-12 mol/L的溶液中:Na+、Mg2+、Cl、

10.下列敘述中不正確的是

A.25℃時(shí),1 LpH=1的稀硫酸中所含H+數(shù)大于2×6.02×1022

B.0.2 mol氯氣與足量的氫氧化鈉稀溶液反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移的電子數(shù)為0.2×6.02×1023

C.新戊烷與異戊烷的混合物7.2 g中所含共價(jià)鍵數(shù)目為1.6×6.02×1023

D.常溫常壓下,46g NO2和N2O4混合氣體中含有原子數(shù)為3×6.02×1023

11.某溫度下,在容積固定不變的密閉容器中發(fā)生下列可逆反應(yīng):X(g)+2Y(g)2Z(g)。平衡時(shí),X、Y、Z的物質(zhì)的量分別為1 mol、1 mol、2 mol,保持溫度不變,再向容器中分別充入1 mol、1 mol、2 mol的X、Y、Z,則下列敘述中正確的是

A.剛充入時(shí),反應(yīng)速率v(正)減小,v(逆)增大

B.達(dá)到新平衡時(shí),容器內(nèi)氣體的平均相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量增大

C.達(dá)到新平衡時(shí),容器內(nèi)氣體的壓強(qiáng)是原來的兩倍

D.達(dá)到新平衡時(shí),容器內(nèi)氣體的百分組成和原來相同

12.下列各組試劑用括號(hào)內(nèi)藥品加以鑒別,其中合理的是

A.氯化銨、硫酸鈉、碘化鉀、溴化鈉(硝酸銀溶液)

B.二氧化錳、氧化銅、四氧化三鐵、活性炭(稀鹽酸)

C.硫酸、硝酸鎂、氯化鋁、硫酸氫鉀(碳酸鈉溶液)

D.植物油、苯酚、甲苯、酒精(濃溴水)

13.下列說法中正確的是

A.布朗運(yùn)動(dòng)就是液體分子的無規(guī)則運(yùn)動(dòng)

B.固體不容易被壓縮是因?yàn)榉肿娱g只存在斥力

C.內(nèi)燃機(jī)可以把內(nèi)能全部轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)械能

D.給物體加熱,物體的內(nèi)能不一定增加

14.氫彈爆炸的核反應(yīng)是

A.H+H→He+n                     B.N+He→O+H

C.U+n→Ba+Kr+3n             D.Be+He→C+n

15.如圖所示,一束單色光沿半圓柱形玻璃磚的半徑垂直ab面入射,有光線從ab面射出。以O(shè)點(diǎn)為圓心,將玻璃磚緩慢轉(zhuǎn)過角時(shí),恰好沒有光線從ab面射出。則該玻璃磚的折射率為

A.          B.          C.          D.

16.如圖所示,某均勻介質(zhì)中各質(zhì)點(diǎn)的平衡位置在同一條直線上,相鄰兩點(diǎn)間的距離為1 m。t=0時(shí),波源S開始振動(dòng),速度方向豎直向上,振動(dòng)由此以1 m/s的速度開始向右傳播。t=1.0 s時(shí),波源S第一次到達(dá)波峰處。由此可以判斷,t=7.0s時(shí)

A.質(zhì)點(diǎn)b達(dá)到最大速度               B.質(zhì)點(diǎn)c達(dá)到最大加速度

C.質(zhì)點(diǎn)e速度方向豎直向下           D.質(zhì)點(diǎn)h正好到達(dá)波谷位置

17.如圖所示,在水平光滑桌面上有兩輛靜止的小車A和B,質(zhì)量之比mA∶mB=3∶1。將兩車用細(xì)線拴在一起,中間有一被壓縮的彈簧。燒斷細(xì)線后至彈簧恢復(fù)原長(zhǎng)前的某一時(shí)刻,兩輛小車的

A.加速度大小之比aA∶aB=1∶1       B.速度大小之比vA∶vB=1∶3

C.動(dòng)能之比EkA∶EkB=1∶1           D.動(dòng)量大小之比pA∶pB=1∶3

18.“神舟六號(hào)”繞地球做勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),距地面高度為343km,運(yùn)行周期為90分鐘;“嫦娥一號(hào)”繞月球做勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),距月球表面高度為200km,運(yùn)行周期為127分鐘。已知地球半徑為6400km,月球半徑為1750km!版隙鹨惶(hào)”與“神舟六號(hào)”相比較,下列說法中正確的是

A.“嫦娥一號(hào)”的線速度大

B.“嫦娥一號(hào)”的角速度小

C.“嫦娥一號(hào)”的向心加速度大

D.兩者軌道半徑的三次方與周期平方的比值相等

19.如圖所示,一個(gè)理想邊界為PQ、MN的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)區(qū)域,磁場(chǎng)寬度為d,方向垂直紙面向里。一電子從O點(diǎn)沿紙面垂直PQ以速度v0進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng)。若電子在磁場(chǎng)中運(yùn)動(dòng)的軌道半徑為2d。O'在MN上,且OO'與MN垂直。下列判斷正確的是

A.電子將向右偏轉(zhuǎn)

B.電子打在MN上的點(diǎn)與O'點(diǎn)的距離為d

C.電子打在MN上的點(diǎn)與O'點(diǎn)的距離為

D.電子在磁場(chǎng)中運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)間為

20.在真空中有一豎直向上的勻強(qiáng)電場(chǎng)E1,一個(gè)帶電液滴在電場(chǎng)中O點(diǎn)處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài),F(xiàn)將E1突然增大到E2,方向不變,作用一段時(shí)間。再突然使E2反向,E2大小不變,再經(jīng)過一段同樣長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間,液滴恰好返回到O點(diǎn)。在這兩段相同的時(shí)間里

A.合力沖量的大小相等                 B.動(dòng)能的變化相等

C.電場(chǎng)力做功相同                     D.重力做功相同

第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題  共11題    共180分)

21.(18分)

    某同學(xué)想測(cè)量一段電阻絲的電阻率,其中使用了自己利用電流表改裝的電壓表。整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)過程如下:

           

               圖1                      圖2                     圖3

A.測(cè)量電流表的內(nèi)阻。按圖1連接電路,將電位器R調(diào)到接入電路的阻值最大。閉合開關(guān)S1,調(diào)整R的阻值,使電流表指針偏轉(zhuǎn)到滿刻度;然后保持R的阻值不變,合上開關(guān)S2,調(diào)整電阻箱R′的阻值,使電流表指針達(dá)到半偏,記下此時(shí)R′的阻值;

B.計(jì)算出改裝電壓表應(yīng)串聯(lián)的電阻R0的值。將電阻R0與電流表串聯(lián),則R0與電流表共同構(gòu)成一個(gè)新的電壓表;

C.將改裝的電壓表與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電壓表接入如圖2所示的校準(zhǔn)電路,對(duì)改裝的電壓表進(jìn)行校準(zhǔn);

D.利用校準(zhǔn)后的電壓表和另一塊電流表,采用伏安法測(cè)量電阻絲的電阻;

E.測(cè)量電阻絲的直徑和接入電路的電阻絲的長(zhǎng)度;

F.計(jì)算出電阻絲的電阻率。

根據(jù)上述實(shí)驗(yàn)過程完成下列問題:

(1)用螺旋測(cè)微器測(cè)量金屬絲的直徑,選不同的位置測(cè)量3次,求出其平均值d。其中一次測(cè)量結(jié)果如圖3所示,圖中讀數(shù)為_____________mm;

(2)根據(jù)圖1電路,請(qǐng)?jiān)趫D4中畫出連線,將器材連接成測(cè)量電流表內(nèi)阻的實(shí)驗(yàn)電路;

圖4

(3)已知電流表的滿偏電流為200μA,若當(dāng)電流表指針偏轉(zhuǎn)到正好是滿偏刻度的一半時(shí)R′的阻值為500Ω。要求改裝后的電壓表的量程為2 V,則必須給電流表串聯(lián)一個(gè)阻值為R0=____________Ω的電阻;

(4)在對(duì)改裝后的電壓表進(jìn)行校準(zhǔn)時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)改裝后的電壓表的測(cè)量值總比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電壓表的測(cè)量值小一些,造成這個(gè)現(xiàn)象的原因是(    )

A.電流表內(nèi)阻的測(cè)量值偏小,造成串聯(lián)電阻Ro的阻值偏小

B.電流表內(nèi)阻的測(cè)量值偏大,造成串聯(lián)電阻Ro的阻值偏小

C.電流表內(nèi)阻的測(cè)量值偏小,造成串聯(lián)電阻Ro的阻值偏大

D.電流表內(nèi)阻的測(cè)量值偏大,造成串聯(lián)電阻Ro的阻值偏大

(5)在利用校準(zhǔn)后的電壓表采用伏安法測(cè)量電阻絲的電阻時(shí),由于電壓表的表盤刻度仍然是改裝前電流表的刻度,因此在讀數(shù)時(shí)只能讀出電流表指示的電流值a。測(cè)量電阻絲的電阻時(shí),可以讀得一系列a和對(duì)應(yīng)流經(jīng)電阻絲的電流b。該同學(xué)根據(jù)這一系列a、b數(shù)據(jù)做出的a-b圖線如圖5所示,根據(jù)圖線可知電阻絲的電阻值為_____________Ω。

圖5

22.(16分)“拋石機(jī)”是古代戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中常用的一種設(shè)備,它實(shí)際上是一個(gè)費(fèi)力杠桿。如圖所示,某研學(xué)小組用自制的拋石機(jī)演練拋石過程。所用拋石機(jī)長(zhǎng)臂的長(zhǎng)度L=4.8 m,質(zhì)量m=10.0 kg的石塊裝在長(zhǎng)臂末端的口袋中。開始時(shí)長(zhǎng)臂與水平面間的夾角=30°,對(duì)短臂施力,使石塊經(jīng)較長(zhǎng)路徑獲得較大的速度,當(dāng)長(zhǎng)臂轉(zhuǎn)到豎直位置時(shí)立即停止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),石塊被水平拋出,石塊落地位置與拋出位置間的水平距離s=19.2 m。不計(jì)空氣阻力,重力加速度取g=10 m/s2。求:

(1)石塊剛被拋出時(shí)的速度大小v0;

(2)石塊剛落地時(shí)的速度vt的大小和方向;

(3)拋石機(jī)對(duì)石塊所做的功W.

23.(18分)如圖所示,螺線管與相距L的兩豎直放置的導(dǎo)軌相連,導(dǎo)軌處于垂直紙面向外、磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度為B0的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)中。金屬桿ab垂直導(dǎo)軌,桿與導(dǎo)軌接觸良好,并可沿導(dǎo)軌無摩擦滑動(dòng)。螺線管橫截面積為S,線圈匝數(shù)為N,電阻為R1,管內(nèi)有水平向左的變化磁場(chǎng)。已知金屬桿ab的質(zhì)量為m,電阻為R2,重力加速度為g.不計(jì)導(dǎo)軌的電阻,不計(jì)空氣阻力,忽略螺線管磁場(chǎng)對(duì)桿ab的影響。

(1)為使ab桿保持靜止,求通過ab的電流的大小和方向;

(2)當(dāng)ab桿保持靜止時(shí),求螺線管內(nèi)磁場(chǎng)的磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B的變化率;

(3)若螺線管內(nèi)方向向左的磁場(chǎng)的磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度的變化率(k>0)。將金屬桿ab由靜止釋放,桿將向下運(yùn)動(dòng)。當(dāng)桿的速度為v時(shí),仍在向下做加速運(yùn)動(dòng)。求此時(shí)桿的加速度的大小。設(shè)導(dǎo)軌足夠長(zhǎng)。

24.(20分)“潮汐發(fā)電”是海洋能利用中發(fā)展最早、規(guī)模最大、技術(shù)較成熟的一種方式。某海港的貨運(yùn)碼頭,就是利用“潮汐發(fā)電”為皮帶式傳送機(jī)供電,圖1所示為皮帶式傳送機(jī)往船上裝煤。本題計(jì)算中取sin18°=0.31,cos18°=0.95,水的密度ρ=1.0×103kg/m3,g=10m/s2。

      

            圖1                      圖2                        圖3

(1)皮帶式傳送機(jī)示意圖如圖2所示,傳送帶與水平方向的角度=18°,傳送帶的傳送距離為L(zhǎng)=51.8 m,它始終以v=1.4 m/s的速度運(yùn)行。在傳送帶的最低點(diǎn),漏斗中的煤自由落到傳送帶上(可認(rèn)為煤的初速度為0),煤與傳送帶之間的動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)=0.4。求:從煤落在傳送帶上到運(yùn)至傳送帶最高點(diǎn)經(jīng)歷的時(shí)間t;

(2)圖3為潮汐發(fā)電的示意圖。左側(cè)是大海,中間有水壩,水壩下裝有發(fā)電機(jī),右側(cè)是水庫(kù)。當(dāng)漲潮到海平面最高時(shí)開閘,水由通道進(jìn)入海灣水庫(kù),發(fā)電機(jī)在水流的推動(dòng)下發(fā)電,待庫(kù)內(nèi)水面升至最高點(diǎn)時(shí)關(guān)閉閘門;當(dāng)落潮到海平面最低時(shí),開閘放水發(fā)電。設(shè)某潮汐發(fā)電站發(fā)電有效庫(kù)容V=3.6×106 m3,平均潮差Δh=4.8 m,一天漲落潮兩次,發(fā)電四次。水流發(fā)電的效率η1=10%。求該電站一天內(nèi)利用潮汐發(fā)電的平均功率P;

(3)傳送機(jī)正常運(yùn)行時(shí),1秒鐘有m=50 kg的煤從漏斗中落到傳送帶上。帶動(dòng)傳送帶的電動(dòng)機(jī)將輸入電能轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)械能的效率2=80%,電動(dòng)機(jī)輸出機(jī)械能的20%用來克服傳送帶各部件間的摩擦(不包括傳送帶與煤之間的摩擦)以維持傳送帶的正常運(yùn)行。若用潮汐發(fā)電站發(fā)出的電給傳送機(jī)供電,能同時(shí)使多少臺(tái)這樣的傳送機(jī)正常運(yùn)行?

25.(15分)有機(jī)物A能使石蕊試液變紅,在濃硫酸作用下可發(fā)生如下轉(zhuǎn)化:

甲、乙分子式均為C4H6O2且都能使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色。

(1)甲分子所含官能團(tuán)的名稱是______________________________。A溶液與碳酸氫鈉反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為__________________________________________________。乙能發(fā)生的化學(xué)反應(yīng)有(填序號(hào))______________________。

a.酯化反應(yīng)         b.氧化反應(yīng)          c.水解反應(yīng)

(2)B是A的同系物,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量小于A。B與濃硫酸作用得到的產(chǎn)物在一定條件下可發(fā)生加聚反應(yīng),該加聚反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為___________________________________________。

(3)A的一種同分異構(gòu)體D(結(jié)構(gòu)中無甲基)是化學(xué)法生產(chǎn)氨酪酸的原料。氨酪酸屬于氨基酸,有降低人體血氨和促進(jìn)腦代謝的作用。D、E及氨酪酸之間有如圖所示的轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系。(提示:)

氨酪酸的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式為______________________________。

(4)A的另一種同分異構(gòu)體簡(jiǎn)稱EMC,用于制造可充電電池。EMC在氫氧化鈉溶液中水解可得到三種含碳化合物。EMC的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式為______________________________。

26.(15分)X、Y、Z、M、W均為短周期非金屬元素,其原子序數(shù)按由小到大排列。X可分別與Y、Z、M組成10電子共價(jià)化合物,X與W可組成18電子共價(jià)化合物。

X、Z、M三種元素可形成離子化合物。試回答:

(1)X、Z、M三種元素組成的離子化合物的化學(xué)式為_________________________________。

(2)實(shí)驗(yàn)室若用一種藥品(氣體發(fā)生裝置不限)和上圖所示凈化、收集裝置制取ZX3,這種藥品可能是____________________________或____________________________。

(3)用下圖所示裝置完成實(shí)驗(yàn)。

為使圖中的兩種氣體在燒瓶中發(fā)生反應(yīng),首先打開彈簧夾a(彈簧夾b已處于關(guān)閉狀態(tài)),未見明顯現(xiàn)象,隨后需要進(jìn)行的操作是________________________________________________;

待燒瓶中出現(xiàn)明顯實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象后打開彈簧夾b,可觀察到的實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象為____________________

______________________________________________________________________________;

(4)ZX3與ZM在催化劑作用下可生成兩種對(duì)環(huán)境無污染的物質(zhì),反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為______

______________________________________________________________________________。

(5)某芳香化合物由X、Y兩種元素組成,分子中Y原子數(shù)小于10,完全燃燒時(shí)生成YM2與X2M的物質(zhì)的量之比為2∶1。該化合物可使酸性高錳酸鉀溶液褪色。寫出該化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式:____________________________。

27.(16分)A、B、C、X是中學(xué)化學(xué)常見物質(zhì),均由短周期元素組成,轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系如圖。請(qǐng)針對(duì)以下三種不同情況回答:

(1)若A、B、C中均含同一種常見金屬元素,該元素在C中以陰離子形式存在,將A、C的水溶液混合可得B的白色膠狀沉淀。

①A中含有的金屬元素為____________________。

②該金屬元素的單質(zhì)與某氧化物在高溫下反應(yīng),可用于焊接鐵軌及定向爆破,反應(yīng)的化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式為__________________________________________________________________。

(2)若A為固態(tài)非金屬單質(zhì),A與X同周期,常溫常壓下C為白色固體,B分子中各原子最外層均為8電子結(jié)構(gòu)。

①B的電子式為______________________________________________________________。

②C與水劇烈反應(yīng),生成兩種常見酸,反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為__________________________。

(3)若A、B、C的焰色反應(yīng)均呈黃色,水溶液均為堿性。

①A中所含有的化學(xué)鍵是________________、________________。

②將4.48 L(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下)X通入100 mL3 mol/LA的水溶液后,溶液中離子濃度由大到小的順序?yàn)開_______________________________________________________________________。

③自然界中存在B、C和H2O按一定比例結(jié)晶而成的固體。取一定量該固體溶于水配成100 mL溶液,測(cè)得溶液中金屬陽(yáng)離子的濃度為0.5 mol/L。若取相同質(zhì)量的固體加熱至恒重,剩余固體的質(zhì)量為________________。

28.(14分)氯氣及氯的化合物有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。

(1)實(shí)驗(yàn)室用二氧化錳制氯氣的化學(xué)方程式為________________________________,用上述藥品制較多量氯氣時(shí),發(fā)生裝置所需要的玻璃儀器主要包括____________________________。

(2)已知氯氣跟水的反應(yīng)是可逆反應(yīng),寫出氯氣跟水反應(yīng)的離子方程式。

______________________________________________________________________________,

結(jié)合上述離子方程式解釋向氯水中加入NaHCO3固體后,氯水的殺菌、漂白能力增強(qiáng)的原因。______________________________________________________________________________。

(3)我國(guó)衛(wèi)生部已明確提出:要逐步用二氧化氯替代氯氣進(jìn)行飲用水的消毒。

①ClO2不穩(wěn)定,可與NaOH溶液、H2O2反應(yīng),轉(zhuǎn)化為比較穩(wěn)定的亞氯酸鈉(NaClO2)。

該反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為

______________________________________________________________________________。

②用ClO2處理過的自來水中會(huì)殘留ClO2,需要用FeCl2將其還原為Cl-,F(xiàn)用V L(已換算為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況)ClO2處理一定量自來水,再加入a mol FeCl2可將殘留的ClO2恰好除去,則該自來水中殘留ClO2的物質(zhì)的量為________________。

29.(14分)鬃獅蜥是一種生活在澳大利亞沙漠中的蜥蜴,雌性蜥蜴具有兩個(gè)不同的性染色體Z和W,雄性則具有兩個(gè)相同的性染色體Z。生物學(xué)家利用這種蜥蜴的受精卵開展了“孵化溫度對(duì)性別影響”的研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:

20℃以下

22~32℃

34~37℃

沒有完成孵化

均完成孵化,♀∶♂=1∶1

均完成孵化,♀∶♂=16∶1

請(qǐng)回答下列問題:

(1)鬃獅蜥是陸生脊椎動(dòng)物,其胚胎發(fā)育中具有_____________結(jié)構(gòu)以適應(yīng)陸地環(huán)境。

(2)20℃以下組代謝率低于其他兩組,主要原因是__________________________;34~37℃下得到的雌性蜥蜴性染色體組成是__________________________。

(3)此實(shí)驗(yàn)研究說明鬃獅蜥的性別是由__________________________決定的。如果全球氣候變暖的趨勢(shì)繼續(xù)下去就會(huì)導(dǎo)致鬃獅蜥種群的_____________失調(diào),表現(xiàn)為___________________,從而影響___________________。

30.(16分)某課題小組設(shè)計(jì)了下列裝置:

    將三個(gè)混有多種微生物的容器甲、乙、丙用膠皮管連接起來,并在容器的入口與出口處設(shè)置控制閥門(只容許可溶性物質(zhì)通過)及檢測(cè)口。利用該裝置他們做了以下實(shí)驗(yàn):在清水中加入有機(jī)污染物后,使之流過甲、乙、丙;控制氧氣的供給,檢測(cè)產(chǎn)生氣體及液體成分的變化。

(1)若不給甲通入O2,在甲氣體出口收集到了二氧化碳、甲烷等氣體;若通入足夠的O2,則收集到氣體中無有機(jī)成分,由此推測(cè)產(chǎn)甲烷菌的代謝類型為______________。檢測(cè)甲液體中氨態(tài)氮的濃度,流出口的濃度比流入口明顯升高,其原因是______________________

______________________________________________________________________________。

(2)向乙中通入O2,檢測(cè)乙液體中硝態(tài)氮的濃度,發(fā)現(xiàn)流出口比流入口處的的濃度都增高。說明乙中有_________________細(xì)菌,在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的碳循環(huán)中它起到的作用是:①_____________________________________,②___________________________________。

(3)不給丙通入O2,檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)流出丙的液體中硝態(tài)氮含量明顯減少,收集到的氣體中含有大量的氮?dú)狻H绻形⑸镞m量用于含氮過多的水體中,可避免_________________現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。甲、乙、丙容器中的沉積物可用作植物的肥料,原因是________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________。

(4)此研究的應(yīng)用價(jià)值是__________________________________________________________。

31.(18分)有一種測(cè)定葉片光合速率的方法――半葉干重法,實(shí)驗(yàn)過程如下:

注:1.光合速率是單位面積葉片在單位時(shí)間內(nèi)固定CO2的量或合成有機(jī)物的量。

    2.總光合速率=凈光合速率+呼吸速率。

步驟一:選擇同一植株上生長(zhǎng)狀況良好、發(fā)育程度相似的葉片若干,葉片主脈兩側(cè)對(duì)稱;

步驟二:在葉柄處經(jīng)過處理使篩管的運(yùn)輸功能受阻、導(dǎo)管功能正常,保證實(shí)驗(yàn)中葉片呼吸作用和光合作用正常進(jìn)行;

步驟三:剪取葉主脈下半部分的葉片,立即保存于暗處(簡(jiǎn)稱暗葉),另一半葉片同主脈保留在枝上給予正常光照(簡(jiǎn)稱光葉),控制光葉和暗葉的溫度、濕度一致,開始記錄時(shí)間;

步驟四:數(shù)小時(shí)后剪下光葉,從光葉和暗葉上各切取相同大小的葉塊,立即烘干至恒重,分別用分析天平稱重,將結(jié)果記錄在下表中:

測(cè)量

光葉

暗葉

差值

干重(mg)

 

 

 

(1)分析上述實(shí)驗(yàn)方法并回答問題:

①步驟一中選擇生長(zhǎng)狀況良好和發(fā)育程度相近的葉片做為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料的理由是:葉片的發(fā)育狀況不同,它的__________________________________________________________作用不同;

②步驟二中阻止篩管運(yùn)輸功能的目的是:__________________________________________,如果處理不當(dāng)使導(dǎo)管也受阻,葉片將會(huì)出現(xiàn)________________現(xiàn)象;

③步驟三中,光葉與暗葉的呼吸速率__________________________________;

④步驟四中,光葉與暗葉干重出現(xiàn)差異的原因是____________________________________。

(2)根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),按照公式X=可以計(jì)算出X值。

①葉塊干重差的含義是____________________,X的單位是_________________。

②在計(jì)算葉片光合作用中固定CO2量時(shí),還要利用光合作用反應(yīng)式得到一個(gè)系數(shù)a,之后用X乘以a計(jì)算得出。系數(shù)a的值為_____________(保留一位小數(shù))。

③上述計(jì)算測(cè)得的光合速率為_________________(總光合速率\凈光合速率)的值。

試題詳情

北京市西城區(qū)2008年抽樣測(cè)試

高三數(shù)學(xué)試卷(文科)                        2008.5

學(xué)校___________    班級(jí)___________    姓名___________

題號(hào)

總分

15

16

17

18

19

20

分?jǐn)?shù)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    本試卷分第一卷(選擇題)和第二卷(非選擇題)兩部分.共150分.考試時(shí)間120分鐘.

第一卷(選擇題共40分)

試題詳情

北京市西城區(qū)2008年抽樣測(cè)試

高三數(shù)學(xué)試卷(理科)                        2008.5

學(xué)校__________    班級(jí)__________    姓名__________

題號(hào)

總分

15

16

17

18

19

20

分?jǐn)?shù)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    本試卷分第一卷(選擇題)和第二卷(非選擇題)兩部分.共150分.考試時(shí)間120分鐘.

第一卷(選擇題  共40分)

試題詳情

海淀區(qū)高三年級(jí)第二學(xué)期期末練習(xí)

語    文                     2008.5

本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷兩部分。第Ⅰ卷1―4頁(yè),第Ⅱ卷5―10頁(yè),共150

分。考試時(shí)間150分鐘。

注意事項(xiàng):1.答第Ⅰ卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的學(xué)校、班級(jí)、姓名填寫清楚。

2.第Ⅰ卷每小題選出答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如

需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案。不能填在試卷上。

3.第Ⅱ卷的所有答案均答在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置上。

第Ⅰ卷(選擇題,共30分)

試題詳情

海淀區(qū)高三年級(jí)第二學(xué)期期末練習(xí)

            英    語              2008.5

本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分。第Ⅰ卷1至10頁(yè),第Ⅱ卷11至12頁(yè)。共150分?荚嚂r(shí)間120分鐘。

注意事項(xiàng):

1.答試卷第Ⅰ卷時(shí),每小題選出答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡Ⅰ上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案選中涂滿涂黑,黑度以蓋住框內(nèi)字母為準(zhǔn)。如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦除干凈后再選涂其它答案項(xiàng)。在試卷上答題無效。

2.答試卷第Ⅱ卷時(shí),必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆按題號(hào)順序答在答題卡Ⅱ的答題區(qū)域相應(yīng)位置內(nèi),未在對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域作答或超出答題區(qū)域作答均不得分。在試卷上答題無效。

第Ⅰ卷(選擇題,共115分)

第一部分:聽力理解(共兩節(jié),30分)

第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,共7.5分)

聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一道小題,從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后,你將有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話你將聽一遍。

1. Where is Mr. Baker now?

A. In his office.                    B. In a hospital.                   C. In a restaurant.

2. When will they probably discuss the plan?

A. Before dinner.                  B. After dinner.                    C. Over dinner.

3. Why does the man refuse to look at the woman’s dress?

A. He’s sleepy.                      B. He’s busy.                       C. He’s lazy.

4. What do we know about the train?

A. It’s broken.                      B. It’s empty.                       C. It’ s late.

5. How much is the yellow coat?

A. $ 45.                               B.$ 70.                                C.$ 90.

第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,共22.5分)

聽下面6段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾道小題,從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有5秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀每小題。聽完后,每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白你將聽兩遍。

聽第6段材料,回答第6至7題。

6. Which bus will the woman take?

A. T-3.                               B. Z-4.                                  C. T-6.

7. What is the man doing?

A. Giving directions.             B. Making an appointment.  C. Asking for permission.

聽第7段材料,回答第8至9題。

8. What is the relationship between the two speakers?

A. Husband and wife.            B. Doctor and patient.               C. Coach and player.

9. What do we know about the man?

A. He had a heart attack.

B. He’s on the basketball team.

C. He used to play basketball very well.

聽第8段材料,回答第10至11題。

10. How will the woman travel to New York?

A. She’ll take a train.

B. She’ll drive her own car.

C. She’ll ride with her friend.

11. What will the woman do in New York?

A. See her friend.                B. Perform in an opera.        C. Attend a music camp.

聽第9段材料,回答第12至14題。

12. What is the man planning to do this afternoon?

A. Go swimming.                B. Go to a class.                   C. Go to the library.

13. What does Professor Smith probably teach?

A. Literature.                      B. Science.                          C. Math.

14. What does the woman offer to do for the man?

A. To write a poem for him.

B. To help him with his history.

C. To teach him how to study math.

聽第10段材料,回答第15至17題。

15. When will the man give his presentation?

A. On Friday.                     B. On Saturday.                   C. On Sunday.

16. What are they mainly talking about?

A. Job worries.                   B. Health problems.              C. Chinese medicine.

17. What is the man likely to do?

A. Talk to another friend.

B. See the same doctor again.

C. Follow the woman’s advice.

聽第11段材料,回答第18至20題。

18. How many copies of her first album were sold?

A. 1 million.                       B. 13 million.                      C. 18 million.

19. Which album holds a selling record?

A. Come Away with Me.       B. Feels like Home.              C. Not Too Late.

20. What can we learn about Norah Jones?

A. She won five Grammy Awards for her first three albums in 2003.

B. She was considered one of the most influential people in 2006.

C. She made a most popular album for Amazon. com in 2007.

第二部分:知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),45分)

第一節(jié)  單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題;每小題1分,共15分)

從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

例: It’s so nice to hear from her again. ______, we last met more than thirty years ago.

A. What’s more       B. That’s to say              C. In other words  D. Believe it or not

答案是D。

21. She devoted herself ______ science, and made great contribution ______ the development of technology.

     A. in; to               B. to; of                        C. in; in                     D. to; to

22. ―Daniel! The alarm clock has been ringing for almost a minute.

    ―Oh, Mum! Can I sleep ______ minutes?

    A. another five        B. more five                  C. five another            D. five other

23. The cooking chicken ______ very good. So from whom did you learn to cook it?

    A. smelt                 B. smells                       C. is smelt                  D. is smelling

24. ―I can never afford a flat like that!

    ―______. The price is too high!

    A. So I can             B. So can I                    C. Neither I can          D. Neither can I

25. ―Jack, join us in the game!

    ―OK. Could you tell me ______ it is about?

    A. which                B. what                         C. how                       D. why

26. Time is life; therefore, waste your time and waste your life, ______ master your time and master your life.

    A. and                    B. for                            C. so                          D. or

27. ―You shouldn’t have played such a joke on him.

    ―Sorry. I ______ that he would get so angry.

A. didn’t expect      B. don’t expect 

C. hadn’t expected               D. hasn’t expected

28. Why not get some work experience first ______ go straight on to university?

    A. or rather            B. other than                  C. more than               D. rather than

29. TV-Turnoff Week, ______ millions of people around the world participate every year, tries to encourage people to turn on life.

    A. in which            B. on which                   C. which                    D. when

30. The book ______ the test of time. Over 200 years after it was written, it’s been very popular.

    A. will stand           B. has stood                   C. had stood               D. is standing

31. ―Lisa is going traveling at the cost of losing her job.

    ―Really? She ______ a lot of money.

    A. must save           B. might save                 C. must have saved  D. might have saved

32. With more and more new drugs ______, doctors don’t find it that difficult to treat patients.

    A. develop              B. developed                  C. to develop              D. being developed

33. Shops across China ______ from handing out free plastic bags from June 1st this year and shoppers will have to pay if they want a bag.

    A. will ban             B. have banned              C. will be banned        D. have been banned

34. Losing weight is no easy task. A lot of people who lost weight gain it back over time and end up back ______ they started.

    A. where                B. though                      C. since                      D. after

35. ―Hey, dear! Guess what? I’ve got a pay rise!

    ―This ______ a celebration! Let’s go to sing Karaoke tonight.

    A. brings out          B. works out                  C. calls for                 D. pays for

第二節(jié)  完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,共30分)

閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A Good Friend, A Second Self

I couldn’t believe my ears when I heard my name called for the leading role in our high school play. Mrs. Dermitt, my drama teacher, had been looking for someone to play an energetic boy in a comedy. Luckily for me, she thought that I could handle the   36 

That afternoon my friend Kevin and I talked   37   about the play. Although Kevin hadn’t been   38   for a part onstage, his job with the set crew was important to the success of the play. I told him I was a little   39   because I had a lot of lines to memorize.

“You can do it.” He said. I knew I could   40   him:we had been friends since the third grade, and we   41   a good team.

Preparations for the play moved at a rapid pace. While working hard with the set crew, Kevin

  42   spent hours helping me learn my lines. He often said my lines with me by silently moving his lips. We   43   that he could probably play my part as well as I could.

Three days before the   44   night, everything was ready for the performance. But when I woke up   45   a fever and sore throat on the day of the play, the entire production came to a sudden   46  . Everyone in the drama department was worried,

  47  there was no way I could perform. The play was   48   to open in fewer than six hours, and we had no time to cancel. I tried to think of a way to   49   .Then it hit me - Kevin knew the   50   as well as I did. I called Mrs. Dermitt to give her my   51   .Within a few short hours, Kevin stood onstage in costume and makeup. The amusing lines he had   52   with          me so many times made the crowd laugh and cheer. In a strange turn of events, Kevin and I had

  53    the day for everyone by working as a team.

Of course, I was terribly disappointed to have   54   my chance in the spotlight, but I was extremely   55   to have such a good friend.

36. A. part                     B. play                       C. band                         D. crew

37. A. calmly                 B. seriously                C. excitedly                   D. anxiously

38. A. elected                 B. chosen                   C. invited                      D. trained

39. A. upset                   B. bored                     C. nervous                     D. confused

40. A. count on              B. tend to                   C. talk with                   D. agree with

41. A. joined                  B. found                     C. took                          D. made

42. A. also                     B. only                       C. still                           D.simply

43. A. expected              B. debated                  C. agreed                       D. joked

44. A. final                    B. special                   C. opening                     D. greeting

45. A. with                    B. from                      C. in                             D. by

46. A. change                 B. turn                       C. stop                          D. end

47. A. for                      B. but                        C. and                           D. so

48. A. likely                  B. ready                     C. sure                          D. due

49. A. pass                     B. help                       C. care                          D. face

50. A. steps                    B. lines                      C. point                         D. case

51. A. introduction         B. instruction              C. explanation                D. suggestion

52. A. scanned               B. grasped                  C. practiced                   D. presented

53. A. valued                 B. saved                     C. left                           D. kept

54. A. offered                B. avoided                  C. risked                       D. missed

55. A. successful            B. thankful                 C. trustful                      D. hopeful

第三部分:閱讀理解(共20小題;每小題2分,共40分)

閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

 

 

 

 

If you’re looking for happy summer memories that will last a lifetime, Camp Chippenstock is for you! We provide fun and meaningful activities for young people ages 12 through 17. Our campers choose from a wide variety of interesting activities led by an enthusiastic staff, some of whom were once Chippenstock campers themselves. Because we are a day camp, Camp Chippenstock is more affordable than many other camps. Read on to find out how you can participate.

Camp Chippenstock is surrounded by pine trees, hills, streams, and a large lake. Counselors and aides are friendly, caring, and experienced. Each year we get letters from satisfied campers like this one from Tommy Molina:

“Camp Chippenstock is a great place to be in the summer.It’s everthing you’d expect a camp to.be and then some.I had a great summer,met a lot of cool people,and learned to paddle a came.I am definitely coming back next summer.”

 

 

 

Swimming: Visualize yourself swimming or diving into a crystal clear pool. Whether you are a beginner or already swim like a fish, we’ll find a class for you.

Team Sports: Choose from softball, soccer, basketball, and volleyball. Fridays are game days―hot dogs and all!

Hiking: See the most beautiful hiking trails in the area and learn about animal tracks, bird calls, and native plants.

Canoeing: Glide across the lake or paddle up a stream. You can also take part in all-day canoe trips or weekly races.

Crafts: Express your creative side by learning to work with wood, leather, and clay.

Photography: Learn how to get the pictures you want and how to develop them. Taking good pictures isn’t as simple as it seems, even in this magnificent setting. Bring your own camera or use one of ours.

Chippenstock Times: Everyone is encouraged to get involved by becoming a reporter or photographer for our weekly newspaper.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Imagine the fun you can have! We start each day at 9:00 A.M. and end at 5:30 P.M., Monday through Friday. Camp begins on June 22 and runs through July 24. Transportation can be arranged for those who live in the Allentown area. To receive an application, call 1-888-293-3151 or write to:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

56. Tommy Molina’s letter is used in the ad to ______.

A. prove the camp is wonderful

B. tell the way to meet cool people

C. introduce the great camping place

D. show everybody is eager to come back

57. The information in ACTIVITIES OFFERED shows us that ______.

A. owning a camera is a must to learn how to take pictures

B. weekly competitions will be held by Chippenstock Times

C. classes are available for campers of different swimming levels

D. campers can get close to nature by joining in Craft and Hiking

58. From the advertisement we learn that ______.

A. Camp Chippenstock is intended for all teenagers

B. all the instructors used to be Chippenstock campers

C. we can take part in the camp throughout the summer

D. Camp Chippenstock costs less than many other camps

B

While watching the Olympics the other night, I came across an unbelievable sight. It was not a gold medal, or a world record broken, but a show of courage.

The event was swimming and started with only three men on the blocks. For one reason or another, two of them false started, so they were disqualified. That left only one to compete. It would have been difficult enough, not having anyone to race against, even though the time on the clock is important.

I watched the man dive off the block and knew right away that something was wrong. I’m not an expert swimmer, but I can tell a good dive from a poor one, and this was not exactly medal quality. When he resurfaced, it was evident that the man was not out for gold―his arms were waving in an attempt at freestyle. The crowd started to laugh. Clearly this man was not a medal competitor.

I listened to the crowd begin to laugh at this poor man who was clearly having a hard time. Finally he made his turn to start back. It was pitiful. He made a few desperate strokes and you could tell he was worn out.

But in those few awful strokes, the crowd had changed.

No longer were they laughing, but beginning to cheer. Some even began to stand and shout “Come on, you can do it!” and he did.

A clear minute past the average swimmer, this young man finally finished his race. The crowd went wild. You would have thought that he had won the gold, and he should have. Even though he recorded one of the slowest times in Olympic history, this man gave more heart than any of the other competitors.

Just a short year ago, he had never even swum, let alone race. His country had been invited to Sydney.

In a competition where athletes remove their silver medals feeling they have somehow been cheated out of gold, or when they act so proudly in front of their competitors, it is nice to watch an underdog.

59. From the passage we can learn that the young man______.

A. made his turn to start back pitifully

B. was skillful in freestyle in the game

C. swam faster than the average swimmer

D. was not capable enough to win the medal

60. The crowd changed their attitudes because______.

A. they felt sorry for the young man

B. they were moved by the young man

C. they wanted to show their sympathy

D. they meant to please the young man

61. According to the passage, “it is nice to watch an underdog” probably means______.

A. it’s amusing to watch a man with awful swimming skills

B. it’s amazing to watch an ordinary man challenging himself

C. it’s cheerful for athletes to act proudly before their competitors

D. it’s brave enough for some athletes to remove the silver medals

62. What’s the best title for the passage? ______?

A. Compete for Gold!           B. Try again!

C. Break a Record!             D. Go for it!

C

In Alexandria, Virginia, the two thousand students at T.C. Williams High School started classes last month in a new building. It was built as a “green” school based on requirements from the United States Green Building Council.

The council is a nonprofit organization made up of building industry leaders. It has a rating system for buildings called Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, or LEED.

In 2001, there were four schools asking for LEED certification. Now there are four hundred, including T.C.  Williams. So far,  fifty-eight schools have been recognized for meeting the requirements. These include protecting natural areas and limiting the amount of chemicals in building materials. They also include better lighting and improved indoor air quality. Buildings are also rated on how well they use energy and water, and on things like the use of recycling programs. At T. C. Williams, one example of green design can be seen in the many windows that let in natural light. Students say the sunny rooms help them stay awake during class.

A rooftop garden is designed to provide storm water control and help keep the building cool in the sun. And an underground tank can store 1,700,000 liters of rainwater for air conditioning and other systems.

The new building cost about 90,000,000 dollars to build. It stands next to the old T. C. Williams building, which officials say will slowly be taken apart and recycled. T.C. Williams High School is still waiting for the final part of the LEED certification process. Schools receive points for the number of requirements they meet. Buildings are rated silver, gold or platinum.

Around the country, concerns about limited budgets for public schools sometimes lead to objections to investing in “green” schools. But the Green Building Council points to a report by Capital E, a Washington D. C. company that serves the clean energy industry. Capital E examined the cost of thirty “green” schools in the United States. It says the average cost was only two percent higher compared to a traditional school.And it says this extra cost is small compared to the savings over time from lower energy and water costs and healthier students.

63. The United States Green Building Council aims to ______.

A. collect money for “green” schools

B. construct “green” buildings on its own

C. promote the construction of “green” schools

D. evaluate the “greenness” of any school building

64. We know from the passage that ______.

A. LEED evaluates the buildings at four different levels

B. Capital E designed many requirements for “green” schools

C. T. C. Williams High School has received LEED certification

D. LEED is provided by the United States Green Building Council

65. The underlined word they in Paragraph 3 refers to ______.

A. the requirements

B. the natural areas

C. the building materials

D. the amount of chemicals

66. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? ______.

A. Green schools cost more than traditional ones.

B. Capital E is devoted to the clean green industry.

C. Green schools will have more benefits in the long term.

D. Limited budgets cause a disagreement on “green” schools.

D

While most teenagers earn the minimum wage from weekend jobs, Jonathan Grubin, a 16-year-old boy, has logged on to an online success which turned over £ 75,000 last year.

Now his success is already beginning to show with the launch of ForFree4U. co. uk, which offers visitors free iPods and digital cameras for signing up their friends to its advertisers. Jonathan has got more than 55,000 members to the site in less than two years, sending off £ 25,000 worth of products.

His success is down to a business move known as affiliate marketing, a web-based marketing practice in which a business rewards one or more affiliates for each visitor or customer brought about by the affiliate’s marketing efforts.

The Royal Grammar School student said: “I have always been interested in websites and the ideas behind them. I thought, ‘if only there was another way I could get my hands on these goods’, so I made a website for a bit of fun.” Jonathan added: “I partner with some advertisers, and they send me commission(傭金) each time I get them a new customer. I offer visitors to my website a reward when they sign up.”

“Advertisers were very quick to realise the potential of the network.  Affiliate marketing is highly successful for advertisers because they only pay when they see results.”

“When you run an expensive television advertising campaign, nothing is guaranteed. But with my business model, advertisers only pay their commission when they see results.”

Jonathan, who works from his computer at home, launched his first website when he was 12 offering mobile phone wallpapers and screensavers after rival sites were charging youngsters for downloads.

He also runs livenewcastle. co. uk, a resource website for Newcastle with listings, reviews and directories. He added: “I remember receiving my first cheque, it was £ 10.44, and I was amazed that I had received it. The only thing I really want to do is to be able to work for myself.”

“There are a lot of downsides, but there are advantages too. The fact is that I am so young, and when I’m 20, I’m going to have a lot of knowledge and experience that most people won’t have until they are 30 or 40.”

67. Which of the following helps lead to the success of ForFree4U. co. uk? ______?

A. It provides visitors with presents for signing up their friends to its advertisers.

B. It offers teenagers mobile phone wallpapers and screensavers for free.

C. It gets payment when it publishes ads.

D. It charges youngsters for downloads.

68. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Jonathan set up his first website when he was twelve.

B. Jonathan is a student of Royal Grammar School.

C. Jonathan founded the websites for money only.

D. Jonathan is in charge of two websites now.

69. According to the passage, it’s obvious that ______.

A. Jonathan’s websites are popular with both visitors and advertisers

B. visitors sign up on Jonathan’s website in order to get rewards

C. advertisers pay for their products being advertised online

D. Jonathan is interested in working all by himself

70. The passage is mainly about ______.

A. a smart online advertising technique

B. a promising business web-master

C. a web-based marketing producer

D. a successful online marketing

E

Today’s career assumptions are that you can get a lot of development, challenge and job satisfaction and not necessarily be in a management role.

“I hated all the meetings,” says a 10-year award-winning manager, “And I found the more you did for people who worked for you, the more they expected.”

Managing others is always a tough task, but in the past that stress was balanced by hopes for career mobility and financial rewards. Along with a sizable pay raise, people chosen as managers Would begin a nearly automatic climb up the career ladder to lucrative executive private benefits: company cars, club memberships, plus the key to the executive washroom.

But in today’s global, more competitive showground, a manager sits in an insecure chair. Restructuring has removed layer after layer of management as companies come to view their organizations as collections of talents rather than hierarchies(等級(jí)). There are far fewer steps for  managers to climb. Also, managerial jobs demand more hours and headaches than ever before but offer slim, if any, financial paybacks and perks.

Now managers must manage many people who are spread over different locations, even over different continents. They must manage across functions with, say, design, finance and marketing.

In an age of entrepreneurship, when the most praised people in business are those launching something new, management seems like an invisible, thankless role. Employers are looking for people who can do things, not for people who make other people do things.

In addition, the Dilbert factor is at work. With Dilbert’s popular cartoon character as well as many television situation comedies routinely describing managers as fools or enemies, they just don’t get much respect any more.

Moreover, it may not pay to be a manager at least not the way it once did. Ms. Chmielewski says, “The emotional rewards can be great, and there were times when I enjoyed management. But a 10-to-11-hour day and one weekend day a month is the norm.”

With more people cautious of joining management, are companies being hurt or worrying about developing future leaders? Not many are. While employers have fired a lot of managers, they believe many more candidates linger on at many companies. “Another reason why companies aren’t short of managers”, argues Robert Kelley, a business professor, “is that so many workers today are self-managed, either individually or via teams, you don’t need a manager.”

71. By writing the passage, the writer seems to ______.

A. explain reasons for firing managers

B. advise people not to become managers

C. express dissatisfaction of some managers

D. encourage managers to be more competitive

72. Compared with the past, the managing job today is more ______.

A. demanding    B. rewarding    C. questionable    D. acceptable

73. The author mentions what Ms. Chmielewski says to reflect that ______.

A. the managers’low working efficiency makes them less paid

B. the gain of being a manager is not as satisfactory as before

C. she enjoys great emotional rewards of being a manager

D. she misses the past enjoyment of being a manager

74. What can we learn from the passage? ______?

A. Managers have more chances to be promoted now.

B. Managers were not satisfied with the way they were treated.

C. It is unnecessary for a qualified manager to manage a variety of fields.

D. The cartoon character by Dilbert contributes to the bad image of managers.

75. What can we infer from the last paragraph? ______?

A. More and more people are eager to become managers.

B. There will be more managers to be employed in the future.

C. Employers think it easy for them to find managers in the future.

D. Team-work makes it possible for companies not to hire more managers.

第Ⅱ卷(共35分)

第四部分:書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié),35分)

第一節(jié)  情景作文(20分)

你班要舉辦以“Ordinary but Great”為題的英語主題班會(huì)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列信息準(zhǔn)備一篇發(fā)言稿,介紹趙郁的成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷。

姓名

趙郁

職務(wù)

北京奔馳(Benz)公司首席技師

經(jīng)歷

1.從小喜歡發(fā)明創(chuàng)造;

2.做普通工人17年;

3.自學(xué)電腦、英語;能看懂英文

汽車車資料;能解決有關(guān)汽車

的技術(shù)難題;

4.獲得許多獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。

 

注意:1.詞數(shù)不少于60。

2.文章的題目和開頭已經(jīng)給出。

3.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。

提示詞:首席技師    chief technician

Ordinary but Great

     We are all ordinary people, but following what we are interested in and doing what we are good at can help us make great achievements for society and go far. Here’s a convincing and inspiring example.

                                                                             

                                                                             

                                                                             

                                                                              

                                                                             

                                                                             

                                                                              

 

第二節(jié)  開放作文(15分)

請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面提示,寫一篇短文。詞數(shù)不少于50。

In your English class, you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to your classmates how you understand it.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

海淀區(qū)高三年級(jí)第二學(xué)期期末練習(xí)

              英    語              2008.5

試題詳情

海淀區(qū)高三年級(jí)第二學(xué)期期末練習(xí)

理科綜合能力測(cè)試           2008.5

    本試卷分為第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分,第Ⅰ卷1至8頁(yè),第Ⅱ卷9至16頁(yè)。滿分300分?荚嚂r(shí)間150分鐘。

    注意事項(xiàng):1.答卷前將學(xué)校、班級(jí)、姓名填寫清楚。

              2.第Ⅰ卷每小題選出答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑,

                 第Ⅱ卷各小題用鋼筆或圓珠筆將答案直接寫在試題卷上。

第Ⅰ卷(選擇題   共120分)

    本卷共20小題,每小題6分,共120分。在每小題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出符合題目要求的一項(xiàng)。

    可能用到的相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量:H―1  C―12    N―14    O―16    Na―23    S―32

 Cl―35.5     Fe―56     Cu―64     I―127

    1.下列有關(guān)人類健康的敘述,正確的是(    )

    A.吃一些含卵磷脂較多的食物,有預(yù)防脂肪肝的作用

    B.植物性食物的氨基酸種類比動(dòng)物性食物更適合人類的需求

    C.人體不含分解纖維素的酶,應(yīng)少食或不食含纖維素多的食物

D.預(yù)防過敏反應(yīng)的主要措施是讓身體產(chǎn)生對(duì)過敏原的適應(yīng)

 

    2.潮間帶常見的浜螺捕食多種藻類,尤其喜食競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力強(qiáng)的滸苔。據(jù)圖1判斷下列敘述不正確的是(    )

    A.浜螺捕食滸苔,其他藻類能獲得更多的生存空間

    B.浜螺的種群密度越大,越容易維持藻類的多樣性

    C.若潮間帶沒有浜螺,其藻類多樣性會(huì)下降

D.浜螺的種群密度對(duì)藻類的多樣性有調(diào)控作用

 

    3.下列有關(guān)免疫的敘述,不正確的是(    )

    A.效應(yīng)T細(xì)胞與靶細(xì)胞密切接觸,可導(dǎo)致靶細(xì)胞裂解死亡

    B.再次受到同種抗原刺激時(shí),記憶細(xì)胞可迅速產(chǎn)生大量抗體

    C.T細(xì)胞可產(chǎn)生淋巴因子,刺激B細(xì)胞增殖和分化

    D.吞噬細(xì)胞在特異性免疫和非特異性免疫中都發(fā)揮作用

4.下列關(guān)于利用谷氨酸棒狀桿菌生產(chǎn)谷氨酸的敘述中,正確的是(    )

A.利用微生物發(fā)酵法生產(chǎn)谷氨酸,常用的培養(yǎng)基屬于合成培養(yǎng)基

B.發(fā)酵罐中的谷氨酸過量時(shí),會(huì)抑制相關(guān)酶的活性,屬于酶合成調(diào)節(jié)

C.應(yīng)該選擇穩(wěn)定期的菌體作菌種,因?yàn)樵撈诰w生理特性比較穩(wěn)定

D.通過連續(xù)培養(yǎng)法生產(chǎn)谷氨酸有助于縮短培養(yǎng)周期,提高設(shè)備利用率

 

5.2008年8月8日第29屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)將在北京舉行。下列說法正確的是(    )

A.奧運(yùn)會(huì)場(chǎng)館“鳥巢”使用的Q460特殊鋼屬于合金

B.奧運(yùn)會(huì)期間使用盼大型遙控飛艇充入的安全且輕的氣體是氫氣

C.奧運(yùn)會(huì)場(chǎng)館“水立方”用的新研制涂料氮化鎵屬于硅酸鹽材料

D.奧運(yùn)吉祥物“福娃”制品內(nèi)的填充物聚酯纖維是天然高分子材料

 

6.根據(jù)下列實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容得出的結(jié)論正確的是

選項(xiàng)

實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容

結(jié)論

A

某物質(zhì)的水溶液使紅色石蕊試紙變藍(lán)

該物質(zhì)一定是堿

B

某氣體能使?jié)駶?rùn)淀粉碘化鉀試紙變藍(lán)

該氣體一定是氯氣

C

某物質(zhì)的水溶液加入鹽酸產(chǎn)生無色無味氣體

該溶液一定有碳酸根離子

D

0.84g鐵和50.00 mL 1.00 mol/L的稀硝酸反應(yīng)

反應(yīng)后溶液中一定有Fe2+和Fe3+

 

7.“人文奧運(yùn)”是2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的重要特征,其中禁止運(yùn)動(dòng)員使用興奮劑是其重要舉措之一。以下是兩種興奮劑的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式,下列說法正確的是(    )

A.興奮劑X的化學(xué)式為C16H15O3

B.兩者均為芳香族化合物,均能發(fā)生消去反應(yīng)

C.兩者均能與酸性高錳酸鉀溶液和氫氧化鈉溶液反應(yīng)

D.1 mol利尿酸最多可與4 mol Br2和6 mol H2反應(yīng)

 

  8.下列實(shí)驗(yàn)操作合理的是(    )

    A.可用分液漏斗分離硝基苯和水的混合物

    B.除去苯中的少量苯酚,可加入濃溴水后過濾

    C.銀鏡反應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)后試管內(nèi)壁附有銀,可用氨水清洗

D.可用酸性高錳酸鉀溶液鑒別己烯、甲苯、乙酸乙酯

 

    9.下列指定粒子的數(shù)目相等的是(    )

    A.物質(zhì)的量相等的水與重水含有的中子數(shù)

    B.等質(zhì)量的乙烯和丙烯中含有的共用電子對(duì)數(shù)

    C.同溫、同壓、同體積的一氧化碳和乙烯含有的質(zhì)子數(shù)

D.等物質(zhì)的量的鐵和銅分別與氯氣完全反應(yīng),轉(zhuǎn)移的電子數(shù)

 

    10.右圖為元素周期表前四周期的一部分,且X、Y、Z、R和W為主族元素。下列說法正確的是(    )

    A.五種元素一定都是非金屬元素

    B.五種元素的原子最外層電子數(shù)一定大于2

    C.X的氫化物的沸點(diǎn)一定比Z的氫化物的沸點(diǎn),

D.R的最高價(jià)氧化物對(duì)應(yīng)的水化物一定是強(qiáng)酸

 

11.某溫度下,2 L密閉容器中充入2 mol X、1 mol Y,發(fā)生反應(yīng)2X(g)+Y(g)2Z(g),

經(jīng)60 s達(dá)平衡,此時(shí)Y的物質(zhì)的量為0.2 mol。下列說法不正確的是(    )

    A.在當(dāng)溫度不變,容器體積變?yōu)? L時(shí),Z的物質(zhì)的量增大

    B.在溫度、體積不變的情況下,用Z表示化學(xué)反應(yīng)的速率為0.8 mol/(L?min)

    C.在體積不變,升高溫度重新達(dá)平衡時(shí),Z的物質(zhì)的量為1.4 mol,則正反應(yīng)的△H<0

D.在溫度、體積不變的情況下,若再充入2 mol X、l mol Y,重新達(dá)平衡后,Z的體積分?jǐn)?shù)不變

 

    12.下列說法正確的是(    )

    A.t℃時(shí),某溶液pH=6,則該溶液一定為酸性

    B.常溫下,將pH=1l的氨水稀釋后,溶液中所有離子的濃度均降低

    C.常溫下,將pH=11的NaOH溶液和pH=3的CH3COOH溶液等體積混合后,溶液pH<7

    D.常溫下,物質(zhì)的量濃度和體積相同的K2CO3、K2SO4、HCl溶液混合后,溶液的pH<7

    13.在下列各組光學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)中,都能說明光具有波動(dòng)性的一組是(    )

    A.泊松亮斑、雨后空中出現(xiàn)的彩虹

    B.水面上的油膜呈現(xiàn)彩色、用光導(dǎo)纖維傳播信號(hào)

    C.光的雙縫干涉現(xiàn)象、偏振現(xiàn)象

D.日食、光電效應(yīng)現(xiàn)象

 

    14.關(guān)于天然放射現(xiàn)象,下列說法中正確的是(    )

    A.β衰變說明原子核里有電子

    B.某原子核經(jīng)過一次α衰變和兩次β衰變后,核內(nèi)中子數(shù)減少4個(gè)

    C.放射性物質(zhì)的溫度升高,其半衰期將縮短

D.γ射線的電離作用很強(qiáng),可用來消除有害靜電

 

    15.分子間有相互作用的勢(shì)能,規(guī)定兩分子相距無窮遠(yuǎn)時(shí)分子勢(shì)能為零,并已知兩分子相距r0時(shí)分子間的引力與斥力大小相等。設(shè)分子a和分子b從相距無窮遠(yuǎn)處分別以一定的初速度在同一直線上相向運(yùn)動(dòng),直到它們之間的距離達(dá)到最小。在此過程中下列說法正確的是(    )

    A.ab之間的勢(shì)能先增大,后減小

    B.ab的總動(dòng)能先增大,后減小

    C.兩分子相距r0時(shí),ab的加速度均不為零

D.兩分子相距r0時(shí),ab之間的勢(shì)能大于零

 

    16.如圖2 (甲)所示是用沙擺演示振動(dòng)圖象的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,此裝置可視為擺長(zhǎng)為L(zhǎng)的單擺,沙擺的運(yùn)動(dòng)可看作簡(jiǎn)諧運(yùn)動(dòng),實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)在木板上留下圖(甲)所示的結(jié)果。若用手拉木板做勻速運(yùn)動(dòng),速度大小是0.20 m/s。圖(乙)所示的一段木板的長(zhǎng)度是0.60 m,那么這次實(shí)驗(yàn)所用沙擺對(duì)應(yīng)的單擺長(zhǎng)L約為

    A.2.0 m    B.1.5 m

    C.1.0 m    D.0.5 6m

   17.向心力演示器如圖3所示。轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)手柄1,可使變速塔輪2和3以及長(zhǎng)槽4和短槽5隨之勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。皮帶分別套在塔輪2和3上的不同圓盤上,可使兩個(gè)槽內(nèi)的小球分別以幾種不同的角速度做勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)。小球做圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的向心力由橫臂6的擋板對(duì)小球的壓力提供,球?qū)醢宓姆醋饔昧,通過橫臂的杠桿使彈簧測(cè)力套筒7下降,從而露出標(biāo)尺8,標(biāo)尺8上露出的紅白相間等分格子的多少可以顯示出兩個(gè)球所受向心力的大小,F(xiàn)分別將小球放在兩邊的槽內(nèi),為探究小球受到的向心力大小與角速度的關(guān)系,下列做法正確的是(    )

    A.在小球運(yùn)動(dòng)半徑相等的情況下,用質(zhì)量相同的鋼球做實(shí)驗(yàn)

    B.在小球運(yùn)動(dòng)半徑相等的情況下,用質(zhì)量不同的鋼球做實(shí)驗(yàn)

    C.在小球運(yùn)動(dòng)半徑不等的情況下,用質(zhì)量不同的鋼球做實(shí)驗(yàn)

D.在小球運(yùn)動(dòng)半徑不等的情況下,用質(zhì)量相同的鋼球做實(shí)驗(yàn)

 

18.將如圖4所示裝置安裝在沿直線軌道運(yùn)動(dòng)的火車車箱中,使桿沿軌道方向固定,可以對(duì)火車運(yùn)動(dòng)的加速度進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。閉合開關(guān)S,當(dāng)系統(tǒng)靜止時(shí),穿在光滑絕緣桿上的小球停在O點(diǎn),固定在小球上的變阻器滑片停在變阻器BC的正中央,此時(shí),電壓表指針指在表盤中央0刻度。當(dāng)火車水平方向有加速度時(shí),小球在光滑絕緣桿上移動(dòng),滑片P隨之在變阻器上移動(dòng),電壓表指針發(fā)生偏轉(zhuǎn)。已知火車向右加速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),電壓表的指針向左偏。則(    )

A.若火車向右做減速運(yùn)動(dòng),小球在O點(diǎn)右側(cè),電壓表指針向左偏

B.若火車向左做加速運(yùn)動(dòng),小球在O點(diǎn)左側(cè),電壓表指針向右偏

C.若火車向左做減速運(yùn)動(dòng),小球在O點(diǎn)左側(cè),電壓表指針向左偏

D.若火車向右做加速運(yùn)動(dòng),小球在O點(diǎn)右側(cè),電壓表指針向左偏

    19.圖5是質(zhì)譜儀工作原理的示意圖。帶電粒子a、b經(jīng)電壓U加速(在A點(diǎn)初速度為零)后,進(jìn)入磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度為B的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)做勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng),最后分別打在感光板S上的x1、x2處。圖中半圓形的虛線分別表示帶電粒子a、b所通過的路徑,則(    )

  A.a的質(zhì)量一定大于b的質(zhì)量

  B.a的電荷量一定大于b的電荷量

  C.a運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)間大于b運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)間

  D.a的比荷(qama)大于b的比荷(qbmb

 

  20.如圖6所示,長(zhǎng)木板靜止在光滑的水平面上,長(zhǎng)木板的左端固定一個(gè)擋板,擋板上固定一個(gè)長(zhǎng)度為L的輕質(zhì)彈簧,長(zhǎng)木板與擋板總質(zhì)量為M,在木板的右端有一質(zhì)量為m的鐵塊,F(xiàn)給鐵塊一個(gè)水平向左的初速度v0,鐵塊向左滑行并與輕彈簧相碰,碰后返回恰好停在長(zhǎng)木板的右端。根據(jù)以上條件可以求出的物理量是(    )

    A.鐵塊與輕彈簧相碰過程中所具有的最大彈性勢(shì)能

    B.彈簧被壓縮的最大長(zhǎng)度

    C.長(zhǎng)木板運(yùn)動(dòng)速度的最大值

    D.鐵塊與長(zhǎng)木板間的動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)

海淀區(qū)高三年級(jí)第二學(xué)期期末練習(xí)

理科綜合能力測(cè)試            2008.5

科目

第Ⅰ卷

第Ⅱ卷

總分

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

生物

1~4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

化學(xué)

5~12

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

物理

13~20

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題   共180分)

    21.(18分)

    (1)(6分)某同學(xué)利用雙縫干涉實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置測(cè)定紅光的波長(zhǎng),已知雙縫間距d=0.20 mm,雙縫到屏的距離L=700 mm,將測(cè)量頭的分劃板中心刻線與某一亮條紋的中心對(duì)齊,并將該條紋記為第一亮條紋,其示數(shù)如圖7所示,此時(shí)的示數(shù)為_______mm。然后轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)測(cè)量頭,使分劃板中心刻線與第五亮條紋的中心對(duì)齊,測(cè)出第五亮條紋與第一亮條紋中心線間的距離為9.240 mm。由以上數(shù)據(jù)可求得該紅光的波長(zhǎng)為_________m(保留兩位有效數(shù)字)。

    (2)(12分)在把電流表改裝成電壓表的實(shí)驗(yàn)中,把量程Ig=300 μA,內(nèi)阻約為100 Ω的電流表G改裝成電壓表。

    ①采用如圖8所示的電路測(cè)電流表G的內(nèi)阻Rg,可選用器材有:

    A.電阻箱:最大阻值為999.9 Ω;

    B.電阻箱:最大阻值為99 999.9 Ω;

    C.滑動(dòng)變阻器:最大阻值為200 Ω;

    D.滑動(dòng)變阻器:最大阻值為2 kΩ;

    E.電源:電動(dòng)勢(shì)約為2 V,內(nèi)阻很小;

    F.電源:電動(dòng)勢(shì)約為6 V,內(nèi)阻很。

    G.開關(guān)、導(dǎo)線若干。

    為提高測(cè)量精度,在上述可供選擇的器材中,可變電阻R1應(yīng)

該選擇_______;可變電阻R2應(yīng)該選擇_______;電源E應(yīng)該選擇________。(填入選用器

材的字母代號(hào))

    ②測(cè)電流表G內(nèi)阻Rg的實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟如下:

    a.連接電路,將可變電阻R1調(diào)到最大;

    b.?dāng)嚅_S2,閉合S1,調(diào)節(jié)可變電阻R1使電流表G滿偏;

    c.閉合S2,調(diào)節(jié)可變電阻R2使電流表G半偏,此時(shí)可以認(rèn)為電流表G的內(nèi)阻Rg= R2。

    設(shè)電流表G內(nèi)阻Rg的測(cè)量值為R測(cè),真實(shí)值為R,則R測(cè)____________R。(填“大于” “小于”或“相等”)

③若測(cè)得Rg=105.0 Ω,現(xiàn)串聯(lián)一個(gè)9895.0 Ω的電阻將它改裝成電壓表,用它來測(cè)量電壓,電流表表盤指針位置如圖9所示,則此時(shí)所測(cè)量的電壓值應(yīng)是___________V。

 

    22.(16分)質(zhì)量m=2.0×10-4 kg、電荷量q=1.0×10-6 C的帶正電微粒靜止在空間范圍足夠大的勻強(qiáng)電場(chǎng)中,電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度大小為E1。在t=0時(shí)刻,使電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度突然增加到E2=4.0×103 N/C,到t=0.20s時(shí)刻再把電場(chǎng)方向改為水平向右,場(chǎng)強(qiáng)大小保持不變。g=10 m/s2。求:

    (1)電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度E1的大;

    (2)t=0.20 s時(shí)刻帶電微粒的速度大;

(3)帶電微粒運(yùn)動(dòng)速度水平向右時(shí)的動(dòng)能。

 

 

 

 

 

23.(18分)高頻焊接是一種常用的焊接方法,圖10是焊接的原理示意圖。將半徑r=0.10 m的待焊接的環(huán)形金屬工件放在線圈中,然后在線圈中通以高頻變化電流,線圈產(chǎn)生垂直于工件所在平面的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng),磁場(chǎng)方向垂直線圈所在平面向里,磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B隨時(shí)間t的變化規(guī)律如圖11所示。工件非焊接部分單位長(zhǎng)度上的電阻R0=1.0×103Ω?m-1,焊縫處的接觸電阻為工件非焊接部分電阻的9倍。焊接的縫寬非常小,不計(jì)溫度變化對(duì)電阻的影響。求:

 s

 s

(1)0~2.0×10-2 s和2.0×10-2 s~3.0×10-2 s時(shí)間內(nèi)環(huán)形金屬工件中感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì)各是多大;

    (2)0~2.0×10-2 s和2.0×10-2 s~3.0×10-2 s時(shí)間內(nèi)環(huán)形金屬工件中感應(yīng)電流的大小,并在圖12中定量畫出感應(yīng)電流隨時(shí)間變化的i-t圖象(以逆時(shí)針方向電流為正);

    (3)在t=0.10 s內(nèi)電流通過焊接處所產(chǎn)生的焦耳熱。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  24.(20分)如圖13所示為我國(guó)“嫦娥一號(hào)衛(wèi)星”從發(fā)射到進(jìn)入月球工作軌道的過程示意圖。在發(fā)射過程中,經(jīng)過一系列的加速和變軌,衛(wèi)星沿繞地球“48 h軌道”在抵達(dá)近地點(diǎn)P時(shí),主發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng),衛(wèi)星的速度在很短時(shí)間內(nèi)由v1提高到v2,進(jìn)入“地月轉(zhuǎn)移軌道”,開始了從地球向月球的飛越。在“地月轉(zhuǎn)移軌道”上經(jīng)過114小時(shí)飛行到達(dá)近月點(diǎn)Q時(shí),需要及時(shí)制動(dòng)使其成為月球衛(wèi)星。之后又在繞月球軌道上的近月點(diǎn)Q經(jīng)過兩次制動(dòng),最終進(jìn)入繞月球的圓形工作軌道I。已知“嫦娥一號(hào)衛(wèi)星”的質(zhì)量為m0,在繞月球的圓形工作軌道I上運(yùn)動(dòng)的周期為T,月球的半徑為r,月球的質(zhì)量為m,萬有引力恒量為G。

    (1)求衛(wèi)星從“48 h軌道”的近地點(diǎn)P進(jìn)入“地月轉(zhuǎn)移軌道”過程中主發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)“嫦娥一號(hào)衛(wèi)星”做的功(不計(jì)地球引力做功和衛(wèi)星質(zhì)量變化);

    (2)求“嫦娥一號(hào)衛(wèi)星”在繞月球圓形工作軌道I上運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)距月球表面的高度;

(3)理論證明,質(zhì)量為m的物體由距月球無限遠(yuǎn)處無初速釋放,它在月球引力作用下運(yùn)動(dòng)至距月球中心的距離為r處的過程中,月球引力對(duì)物體所做的功可表示為W=Gmm/r。為使“嫦娥一號(hào)衛(wèi)星”在近月點(diǎn)Q進(jìn)行第一次制動(dòng)后能成為月球的衛(wèi)星,且與月球表面的距離不小于圓形工作軌道I的高度,最終進(jìn)入圓形軌道I,其第一次制動(dòng)后的速度大小應(yīng)滿足什么條件?

 

 

 

 

  25.(15分)有機(jī)物A的相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為102,其中含氧的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為31.4%,完全燃燒只生成二氧化碳和水,且n(CO2)=n(H2O)。有機(jī)物之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化如圖14所示(部分反應(yīng)條件略)。

  已知:有機(jī)物B和有機(jī)物C的蒸汽在同溫同壓下密度相同,有機(jī)物C分子中含有兩個(gè)甲基。請(qǐng)回答下列問題。

  (1)F和D中含有的官能團(tuán)的名稱分別為___________________________________。

 

  (2)有機(jī)物C的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式為______________________________。

  (3)有機(jī)物E能發(fā)生的反應(yīng)類型有(填字母)__________________________。

  A.取代反應(yīng)    B.加成反應(yīng)    C.消去反應(yīng)    D.加聚反應(yīng)    E.中和反應(yīng)

  (4)以M表示有機(jī)物的摩爾質(zhì)量,則下列關(guān)系正確的是(填字母)_____________。

  A.M(A)=M(B)+M(C)    B.M(B)=M(E)+14

  C.2M(D)+18=M(B)+M(E)    D.M(B)>M(D)>M(E)>M(F)

  (5)簡(jiǎn)述檢驗(yàn)有機(jī)物D中的官能團(tuán)的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法_____________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。

  (6)有機(jī)物A的一種同分異構(gòu)體X,能發(fā)生銀鏡反應(yīng),且分子結(jié)構(gòu)中有1個(gè)碳原子只與碳原子相連。X與氫氣在一定條件下反應(yīng)生成有機(jī)物Y,Y分子中含有兩個(gè)相同的官能團(tuán)。寫出X的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式

 

 

__________________________________________________________________________

(7)已知:乙二酸與乙二醇發(fā)生縮聚反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為

  有機(jī)物Y有廣泛的用途,如生產(chǎn)泡沫塑料、涂料等。寫出Y與對(duì)苯二甲酸在一定條件下

發(fā)生縮聚反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式

 

______________________________________________________________________________。

    26.(18分)X、Y和W為原子序數(shù)依次遞增的短周期元素,X和Y同主族,Y和W的氣態(tài)氫化物具有相同的電子數(shù),X的單質(zhì)只有氧化性。

    (1)寫出實(shí)驗(yàn)室制取w2反應(yīng)的離子方程式__________________________________。

(2)某小組設(shè)計(jì)如圖15所示的裝置圖(圖中夾持和加熱裝置略去),分別研究YX2和W2的性質(zhì)。

    ①分別通入YX2和W2,在裝置A中觀察到的現(xiàn)象是否相同(填“相同”或“不相同”)__________________;

    若裝置D中裝的是鐵粉,當(dāng)通入W2時(shí)觀察到的現(xiàn)象為_____________;

    若裝置D中裝的是五氧化二釩,當(dāng)通入YX2時(shí),打開K通人適量X2,化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式為

  ____________________________________________________________________________;

    ②若裝置B中裝有5.0 mL 1.0×10-3 mol/L的碘水,當(dāng)通入足量W2完全反應(yīng)后,轉(zhuǎn)移了5.0×10-5 mol電子,該反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為_______________________________。

    (3)某同學(xué)將足量的YX2通入一支裝有氯化鋇溶液的試管,未見沉淀生成,向該試管中加入過量(填字母)_______________,可以看到白色沉淀產(chǎn)生,其原因分別為________

______________________________________________________________________________。

    A.氨水    B.稀鹽酸    c.稀硝酸    D.氯化鈣

(4)若由元素Y和X組成-2價(jià)酸根Z,Z中Y和 X的質(zhì)量比為Y : X=4 : 3,當(dāng)W2與含Z的溶液完全反應(yīng)后,有淺黃色沉淀產(chǎn)生,取上層清液加入氯化鋇溶液,有白色沉淀產(chǎn)生,該反應(yīng)的離子方程式為_________________________________________________________________________。

    27.(15分)A、B、D、E和F為中學(xué)化學(xué)常見的化合物,A、B、D、E的焰色反應(yīng)均呈黃色,F(xiàn)為無色無味氣體。相互轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系如下

    A+F→B+O2    B+F+H2O→D    D+E→B+H2O

    請(qǐng)根據(jù)題目要求回答下列問題。

    (1)①寫出E的電子式 _______________________;

②寫出反應(yīng)A+F→B+O2的化學(xué)方程式_____________________________________;

 

③寫出D溶液與E溶液反應(yīng)的離子方程式_______________________。

(2)如圖16裝置(I)為以E為電解質(zhì)的氫氧燃料電池的示意圖。

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    裝置(I)中G和N為氣體進(jìn)口,其中G口進(jìn)入的氣體名稱是____________,寫出電極

     

    ②的電極反應(yīng)式________________________。

    (3)裝置(Ⅱ)是新近研制裝有涂二氧化鈦的光電板的光電電解水裝置的示意圖,在電極

     

    ③附近的K出口產(chǎn)生氣體化學(xué)式是_______________________________。

    (4)在A中加入稀硫酸可生成一種含有非極性鍵的共價(jià)化合物X,寫出向E和X的混合

     

    溶液中,通入二氧化氮反應(yīng)的離子方程式_______________________________。

     

    28.(12分)據(jù)報(bào)道,北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)“祥云”火炬燃料為丙烷,悉尼奧運(yùn)會(huì)火炬燃料為丁烷和

    丙烷混合氣。

    (1)常溫、同壓下,等體積的丙烷和丁烷完全燃燒恢復(fù)到原狀態(tài),生成二氧化碳的體積比

    為__________________。

    (2)已知丁烷的燃燒熱(生成液態(tài)水)為2 880 kJ/mol,l mol丙烷和丁烷(物質(zhì)的量之比1 : 1)的混合氣完全燃燒放出的熱量為2 550 kJ。寫出丙烷燃燒的熱化學(xué)方程式

     

    ____________________________________________________________________。

        (3)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下,1.0 mol丙烷和丁烷的混合氣和足量氧氣混合完全燃燒后,恢復(fù)至原狀態(tài),混合氣體的體積減小了70.0 L,混合氣體中丙烷和丁烷的體積比為_______________。

        (4)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下,a L的某丙烷和丁烷的混合氣體,在b L足量氧氣中完全燃燒后,恢復(fù)到原狀態(tài)體積為V L,所得氣體體積V為(用a和b表示)_________________________。

        29.(12分)小麥籽粒中的糖類,主要依靠穗下第一張葉片(旗葉)的光合作用供給,其他綠色部分如麥穗也有光合能力。圖17示小麥旗葉和麥穗光合作用與耐旱性關(guān)系的研究結(jié)果。請(qǐng)回答下列有關(guān)問題:

    (1)由圖可知,__________的光合作用對(duì)缺水比較敏感,如果小麥在孕穗期和開花期遇到干旱,將對(duì)產(chǎn)量有較大的影響。同時(shí),__________的光合作用對(duì)干旱有較強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)性,這對(duì)植物度過不良環(huán)境有一定的積極作用。

        (2)水分對(duì)光合作用的影響是多方面的。一方面缺水可導(dǎo)致氣孔關(guān)閉,光合作用會(huì)因____________階段的原料不足而受到影響。另一方面缺水還會(huì)使物質(zhì)運(yùn)輸變慢,當(dāng)光合產(chǎn)物

    在________中積累過多時(shí),會(huì)使光合作用產(chǎn)生反饋性抑制。

        (3)不同程度的缺水對(duì)光合作用的影響也有所不同。中度缺水會(huì)影響葉綠體囊狀結(jié)構(gòu)薄膜上的電子傳遞,從而使__________________________的形成受到抑制;嚴(yán)重缺水還會(huì)造成葉綠體囊狀結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞,而且在供水后也難以恢復(fù)。因而,植物不能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間缺水,合理灌溉就是指根據(jù)植物的需水規(guī)律_____________地進(jìn)行灌概。

        30.(18分)請(qǐng)回答下列有關(guān)溫度與酶活性的問題:

        (1)溫度對(duì)唾液淀粉酶活性影響的實(shí)驗(yàn):

        將盛有2 mL唾液淀粉酶溶液的試管和盛有2 mL可溶性淀粉溶液的試管編為一組,共四組。在0℃、20℃、37℃和100℃水浴中各放入一組,維持各自的溫度5 min。然后,將淀粉酶溶液注入相同溫度下的淀粉溶液中,搖勻后繼續(xù)放回原來的溫度下保溫。

        把________________________________的時(shí)間作為本實(shí)驗(yàn)的起始時(shí)間記錄下來。再每隔一分鐘,取一滴混合液滴在盛有碘液的點(diǎn)滴板上進(jìn)行觀察,記錄每種混合液藍(lán)色消失的時(shí)間。通過比較混合液中_____________消失所需時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短來推知酶的活性。預(yù)計(jì)__________溫度下的混合液因其中的酶失去活性藍(lán)色不會(huì)消失。

    (2)溫度對(duì)酶活性的影響主要體現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面。其一,隨溫度的升高會(huì)使___________

    _____接觸的機(jī)會(huì)增多,反應(yīng)速率變快。其二,因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)酶是蛋白質(zhì),本身隨溫度升高而發(fā)生_______________的改變,溫度升到一定程度,酶將完全失活。這兩種作用疊加在一起,使酶促反應(yīng)在某一溫度下最快,這一溫度就是該酶的_____________。

    (3)科研人員通過蛋白質(zhì)工程來設(shè)計(jì)改變酶的構(gòu)想。在研究溶菌酶的過程中,得到了多種突變酶,測(cè)其酶50%發(fā)生變性時(shí)的溫度(Tm),部分結(jié)果見下表:

    半胱氨酸(Cys)的位置和數(shù)目

    二硫鍵數(shù)目

    Tm/℃

    野生型T4溶菌酶

    Cys54,Cys97

    41.9

    突變酶C

    Cys21,Cys142

    1

    52.9

    突變酶F

    Cys3,Cys9,Cys21,Cys97,Cys142,Cys164

    3

    65.5

        (注:Cys上角的數(shù)字表示半胱氨酸在肽鏈中的位置)

        溶菌酶熱穩(wěn)定性的提高,是通過改變___________________________________________

    和增加_____________得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。從熱穩(wěn)定性高的酶的氨基酸序列出發(fā),利用__________

    方法獲得目的基因,通過基因工程的手段,可以生產(chǎn)自然界中不存在的蛋白質(zhì)。

        31.(18分)控制人血紅蛋白的基因分別位于11號(hào)

    和16號(hào)染色體上,胎兒期和成年期基因的表達(dá)情況如圖

    18所示(注:α2表示兩條α肽鏈)。

        (1)人在不同發(fā)育時(shí)期血紅蛋白的組成不同,這是紅細(xì)胞不同基因____________________的結(jié)果。圖中α鏈由141個(gè)氨基酸組成,β鏈由146個(gè)氨基酸組成,那么成

    年人血紅蛋白分子的肽鍵數(shù)是________________。

        (2)圖中11號(hào)染色體上β珠蛋白基因中一個(gè)堿基對(duì)

    的改變,導(dǎo)致谷氨酸被纈氨酸替換(人類鐮刀型細(xì)胞貧血

    癥)。已知谷氨酸的密碼子之一為GAA,纈氨酸的密碼子

    之一為GUA。則突變后的基因控制該氨基酸的相應(yīng)片段其堿基組成是____________。

        (3)下列哪種方法不能用來確診鐮刀型貧血癥的患者(單選)______________。

        A.顯微鏡下檢測(cè)染色體的形態(tài)    B.顯微鏡下檢測(cè)紅細(xì)胞的形態(tài)

        C.檢測(cè)血紅蛋白的氨基酸序列    D.利用基因探針進(jìn)行分子雜交

        (4)圖19是一個(gè)鐮刀型細(xì)胞貧血癥的系譜圖。由此可

    知,鐮刀型細(xì)胞貧血癥是____________遺傳病。圖中Ⅱ6和Ⅱ7再生一個(gè)患病男孩的概率為_________。請(qǐng)用遺傳圖解來解釋Ⅲ10的患病原因(基因用B、b表示)。

     

     

     

     

     

    (5)一位研究者檢驗(yàn)了東非某人群中290個(gè)兒童的血樣。在這個(gè)人群中瘧疾和鐮刀型貧血癥都流行,調(diào)查結(jié)果見下表:

    基因型

    患瘧疾

    不患瘧疾

    總數(shù)

    Bb、bb

    12

    31

    43

    BB

    113

    134

    247

    總數(shù)

    125

    165

    290

       

        基因型為bb的個(gè)體不到成年就會(huì)死亡。分析以上資料可以看出,在非洲瘧疾流行地區(qū),

    鐮刀型細(xì)胞貧血癥和瘧疾共同作用的結(jié)果是_______________有了更多的生存機(jī)會(huì)。經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)

    期的自然選擇,使b的基因頻率比瘧疾非流行地區(qū)_________________。

    海淀區(qū)高三年級(jí)第二學(xué)期期末練習(xí)

    理科綜合能力測(cè)試

    試題詳情

    海 淀 區(qū) 高 三 年 級(jí) 第 二 學(xué) 期 期 末 練 習(xí)

    數(shù)  學(xué)(理科)             2008.5

    本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分,第Ⅰ卷1至2頁(yè),第Ⅱ卷3至9頁(yè),共150分?荚嚂r(shí)間120分鐘?荚嚱Y(jié)束,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

     

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