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海淀區(qū) 高三年級第二學期期末練習

數(shù) 學（文科） 2008.5

本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分，第Ⅰ卷1至2頁，第Ⅱ卷3至9頁，共150分�？荚嚂r間120分鐘�？荚嚱Y(jié)束，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷（選擇題共40分）

注意事項：

1. 答卷前將學校、班級、姓名填寫清楚。

2. 選擇題的每小題選出答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。其他小題用鋼筆或圓珠筆將答案直接寫在試卷上。

試題詳情

14．（本題滿分7分）

已知，如圖，平行四邊形ABCD的對角線AC的垂直平分線與邊AD，BC分別相交于點E，F(xiàn)。求證：四邊形AFCE是菱形。

15．（本題滿分7分）

某文具店銷售的學生用地球儀只有A，B，C三種型號，下面表格和統(tǒng)計圖分別給出了上月這三種型號地球儀每個的利潤和銷量。

A，B，C三種地球儀每個利潤統(tǒng)計表

地球儀型號

A

B

C

每個利潤（元）

3

2.5

6

⑴該店老板為了促銷這三種地球儀，設(shè)立了有獎銷售方式，用一枚骰子點數(shù)（只擲一次），擲到5點獎一塊橡皮，搓到6點獎一本“軟面抄”本子。小東買了一個地球儀后擲一次骰子，他中獎的概率是。

⑵若該店計劃下月共進這三種型號地球儀600個，結(jié)合上月銷售情況，你認為A，B，C三種型號的地球儀各進多少個總利潤最高？此時所獲的總利潤是多少？

16．（本題滿分7分）

小李腿腳不便，但身殘志堅，他辦起一個小報攤，僅以銷售《大河晚報》為例：該報零售價6角，批發(fā)價4角，每天一般銷售100份，小李大膽創(chuàng)新，用如下方式促銷：在本攤購買《大河晚報》，閱后不滿意，可在中午12點以前原樣無損地退回，可獲退款0.2元。此廣告一出，顧客猛增，到上午10時竟賣了200份《大河晚報》，但到了12點前，共退回了160份。下午，他又按每份0.3元的價格將上午退回的160份報紙銷售一空。

⑴小李改變銷售方式后每天售《大河晚報》的總收入多少元？

⑵小李改變銷售方式后平均每份《大河晚報》賣到了多少元？

17．（本題滿分8分）

如圖，已知AB，AC分別為⊙O的直徑和弦，D為的中點，DE⊥AC于E。求證：DE是⊙O的切線。

18．（本題滿分7分）

如圖，農(nóng)民張大伯將水塘△ABC辦成垂釣魚塘，并在點A，B，C三處各建一個釣魚臺。已知AB=26米，AC=18米，BC邊上的高AD=10米。由于客源廣，張大伯擬將魚塘改成圓形，并使原來的A，B，C三處釣魚臺保留不動，請你幫助算一下改成圓形魚塘后的半徑長。

19．（本題滿分10分）

某跨國公司是專門生產(chǎn)健身產(chǎn)品的企業(yè)，第一批產(chǎn)品A上市銷售40天內(nèi)全部售完，該公司對第一批產(chǎn)品A上市后的國內(nèi)、外市場銷售情況進行調(diào)研，結(jié)果如圖⑴，⑵所示。

⑴分別寫出國內(nèi)、國外市場的日銷售量y（萬件）與第一批產(chǎn)品A上市時間t的函數(shù)關(guān)系式；

⑵如果每件產(chǎn)品A的銷售利潤為60元，寫出第一批產(chǎn)品A上市后日銷售利益W（萬元）與上市時間t的函數(shù)關(guān)系式；

⑶問幾天日銷售利潤最大？

20．（本題滿分14分）

已知，如圖，四邊形AOBC是正方形，點C的坐標是（4，0），動點P，Q同時從O點出發(fā)，P沿折線OACB方向運動，Q沿折線OBCA方向運動。

⑴A點的坐標為（），B點坐標（）

⑵若P，Q運動速度都是每秒1個單位長，當P運動到A點停止，Q也隨之停止，設(shè)△OPQ的面積為S，運動時間為t秒，求S與t之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系式。

⑶若P的運動速度是每秒1個單位長，Q的運動速度是每秒2個單位長，運動到相遇時停止，設(shè)△OPQ的面積為S，運動時間為t秒，S與t之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系式。

⑷若Q運動速度是P的運動速度的2倍，以A，P，B，Q四點為頂點的四邊形是平行四邊形，求直線PQ的解析式。

試題詳情

雅禮中學2008年5月月考

英語試題

第一部分聽力（共三節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1. When will the two speakers leave if they get cheaper tickets?’

A. On Tuesday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday.

2. What is the probably relationship between the two speakers?

A. Husband and wife. B. Passenger and driver. C. Salesgirl and customer.

3. What does the man imply?

A. He got help from the woman. B. He needed more time to study.

C. He worked hard for his composition.

4. What will the woman do in the morning?

A. See Lisa off. B. Go to the zoo. C. Deal with an e-mail.

5. Where does this conversation most probably take place?

A . In a bus. B. In an office. C. In a phone box.

第二節(jié) （共12小題，滿分18分）

聽下面4段對話。每段對話后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中，選出最佳選項，聽每段對話前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話讀兩遍。

聽下面一段對話，回答第6和第7兩個小題。

6. Where will the man have his dinner?

A. At Golden Pond Restaurant. B. At Black Forest Restaurant.

C. At Moon River Restaurant.

7. What do we know about the man?

A. He wants to eat beef. B. He likes to have dinner late.

C. prefers to wear a jacket and tie.

聽下面一段對話，回答第8至第10三個小題。

8. How does the man feel about the delay of his flight?

A. Calm. B. Glad. C. Angry.

9. Which is the right boarding gate for the man?

A. Gate 5. B. Gate 20. C. Gate 38.

10. When will the plane probably take off?

A. At 3:30 p.m. B. At 3:40 p.m. C. At 3:50 p.m.

聽下面一段對話，回答第11至第13三個小題。

11. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?

A. Eco-tours. B. Popular sports. C. Famous countries.

12. Which activity in the USA in introduced in the dialogue?

A. Mountain-climbing. B. River-rafting. C. Bird-watching.

13. How many countries are mentioned in the dialogue?

A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.

聽下面一段對話，回答第14至第17四個小題。

14. Why does the man ask the woman for help?

A. He has to read a report. B. He has to write a report.

C. He has to wait for a call.

15. What does the man ask the woman to do?

A. Buy some food. B. Make tomato soup. C. Bring back the café.

16. Which of the following is suggested by the woman?

A. A pie. B. A salad. C. A sandwich.

17. What does the woman think of the man?

A. Lazy. B. Greedy. C. Curious.

第三節(jié)（共3小題，滿分4.5分）

聽下面一段材料，將第18至第20三個小題的信息補充完整，每個小題不超過三個單詞。聽材料前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每個小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出15秒鐘的作答時間。本材料讀兩遍。

第二部分英語知識運用

第一節(jié) 單項填空 (共15小題, 滿分15分)

從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

21. On _________ recent trip, Christine paid a visit to _________ relative she didn’t know very well, one of her distant aunts.

A. a; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D. the; the

22. Many Chinese think less of money when _________ comes to educating their children.

A. one B. he C. that D. it

23.____the freedom that young people have, dating has changed greatly in recent years.
A. In case of B. In spite of C. In addition to . D. As a result of

24. The police officers stood at either end of the highway, _________ Ray, the drunken driver, no chance to escape.

A. to give B. given C. giving D. gave

25.When I got up early in the morning and was about to get dressed, I only saw one shoe beside the bed and couldn’t find my _______ shoe.

A. another B. other C. either D. others

25．I have kept that photo ________ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my unforgettable experience in the country.
　 A. which　　　　 B. where　　　　 C. whether　　 D. when

26. He was considering buying a new car but his parents______ it clear that they won’t support him unless he can afford it himself.

A. were making B. have made C. made D. will make

27. Only those students ____ thinks the best can be accepted into the world famous university,

according to the director of its admissions office.

A. who B. he C. that D. what

28. The escaped prisoner dared not leave the hiding place ______ he was recognized.

A. in case B. so that C. the moment D. even if

29. The house rent here is really expensive. Tom has got about half the space he had at home but he’s paying _______ here.
A. as twice much B. as much twice
C. much as twice D. twice as much

30. He was puzzled by this phenomenon. He began to try every approach ________ the way of working it out.

A. known finding B. knowing to find

C. known to find D. knowing finding

31. It is generally believed that a successful Olympic Games _____ relies on well-performed IT services.

A．largely B．narrowly C．badly D．simply

32. I am sorry that I cannot meet you at the airport. I _________ Changsha by the time you come back from abroad.

A. am leaving B. will leave C. will have left D. have left

33.Sir, ______ you meet the applicant right now or _____ he wait outside the office for a while?

A. Shall; should B. Would; will C. Can; will D. Will; shall

34．The book is________ boring; I haven’t, as a matter of fact, read a more exciting and fascinating one.
　 A. nothing but　　 B. anything but　　 C. more than　 D. not a little

35. How time flies!. It will be only a couple of days _________ the Olympic torch arrives in our city as part of its journey to Beijing on August 8.,

A. before B. after C. until D. when

第二節(jié) 完形填空 (共20小題, 滿分30分)

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從第36至第55小題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Old Man Donovan was a mean man who hated children. He threw _ 36 _ at them and even shot at them with a gun. At least, that was what we had _ 37 _.

His small farm bordered our neighborhood _ 38 _ my younger sister, Leigh Ann, and I lived when we were growing up. His farm was long and narrow. It held two_ 39 _. One was his beautiful fruit. There were many varieties of fruit: pears, apples and lots more I _ 40_ can’t think of.. The fruit naturally _ 41_the children to his farm and made them into _ 42_, but my sister and I didn’t dare to take his fruit because of what we had heard about Old Man Donovan.

One summer, we were playing in a nearby field until it was time for us to head back home. My sister and I were feeling very _ 43_ that day. We decided to take the short cut that went through the Donovan farm. We were almost through the farm _ 44_ we heard, “Hey, girls!” _ 45_ a gruff, low voice. We stopped _ 46_ in our tracks! There we were, face to face with Old Man Donovan. Our knees were _ 47_. We had visions of rocks pounding our bodies and _ 48_ going through our hearts.

“Come here,”” he said, _ 49_ to one of his apple trees. _ 50_ shaking, we went over to him. He _ 51_ several ripe juicy red apples. “Take these home”, he_ 52_. We took the apple with 53_ hearts and ran all the way home. But of course, Leigh and I ate the apples.

As time went on, we often went through Old Man Donovan’s farm and he _ 54_ giving us fruit. One day, we stopped by and talked to him for hours. We realized that we had found _ 55_ treasure: the sweet kind heart behind his gruff voice.

36. A. fruit B. wood C. branches D. rocks

37. A. heard B. seen C. experienced D. expected

38. A. that B. where C. which D. what

39. A. attractions B. products C. treasures D. secrets

40. A. even B. just C. hardly D. ever

41. A. signed B. showed C. guided D. drew

42. A. customers B. visitors C. thieves D. sufferers

43. A. daring B. disappointed C. afraid D. nervous

44. A. and B. when C. but D. while

45. A. in B. with C. behind D. by

46. A. straight B. dead C. still D. fast

47. A. dropping B. moving C. shaking D. fighting

48. A. words B. bullets C. guns D. regrets

49. A. reaching up B. climbing up C. looking up D. putting up

50. A. Without B. After C. Upon D. Still

51. A. handed out B. gave out C. held out D. picked out

52. A. begged B. suggested C. ordered D. shouted

53. A. excited B. surprised C. broken D. angry

54. A. stopped B. considered C. admitted D. kept

55. A. the other B. the fist C. the only D. the last

第三部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié), 滿分40分）

第一節(jié) 選擇題（共17小題, 滿分34分）

閱讀下列短文, 從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選中, 選出最佳選項。

A

As the first report of the accident came in, Burton was sitting in his office on the top floor of the building. Immediately ,realizing the seriousness of the whole incident, he moved to a ground floor room with a small waiting-room to look into the matter himself, leaving his second ?in ?com-man to take over all other cases.

He interviewed the first witness （證人）almost at once, making sure that everything was done that could be done to put him at his ease. However, the witness was obviously nervous and Burton took great pains to go over what he said thoroughly, hoosing and checking each word carefully and taking the man’s statement down himself.The witness had called the police and he’d waited until the ambulances began to arrive then when the first police car arrived on the scene he’d been asked to report to the station which was what he had done.

Burton explained that regrettably it would be necessary for him to go to court because of the serious nature of the disaster. More he could not say at present. He’d be thankful if the man could keep in touch with the police.

When he had gone, Burton put his head in his hands and considered before asking for the next witness. The man couldn’t be regarded as a hundred percent witness because he had been behind a wall when the explosion occurred. But in spite of his nerves, Burton had the impression that he was dependable, not afraid of relating himself to it and a fairly exact observer.

Well there would be other descriptions and no doubt all these would be put into place and the whole picture would become clear. He raised his head and pressed the bell on his desk.

“Next witness please,” he said.

56．Why did Burton move to the ground floor when he heard of the incident ?

A．Because the ground floor room had a small waiting ?room.

B．Because it would be easier for him to interview the witnesses.

C．Because he was not pleased to work on the top floor.

D．Because it would be easier for him to talk with the people.

57．How did the witness feel during the interview ?

A．Obviously somewhat frightened. B．Excited at seeing the incident.

C．Anxious to give a report to the police. D．Calm and unhurried.

58．The underlined part “ a hundred percent witness ”most probably means .

A．a(chǎn) patient and talkative person B．a(chǎn) well-informed witness

C．the only person who was interviewed in the incident

D．a(chǎn) person who watched the whole incident

59．Burton’s final impression of the witness was that .

A．his report was not clear though he was honest

B．he was afraid of being involved and refused to help the police

C．his observation was good but he was not very clear-headed

D．he was a dependable and reasonable witness

B

The problem of leisure is new. Until very recent times people worked each day to the limit of their strength. Of course there were always a privileged (有特權(quán)的)few who had leisure; but most men had to work 12, 14, or even 16 hours a day, six days a week. As late as 1840 the average factory worker labored 72 hours a week. "Sunup to sundown" was the farmer's day, or as another phrase puts it, "from can to can't."
　　Today, working less than a 40-hour week, people enjoy more leisure time. Therefore, the wise use of leisure time has become an important problem for everyone, young or old. It is a particularly difficult problem for the sick, the aged, and those who have retired from earning a living. Those people have so much leisure that it is hard for them to find interesting and worthwhile ways to use it .
　　However short the work week becomes, work is still the most important part of life. We do not work to get leisure and the pleasures leisure brings us; rather, we use leisure wisely so that work itself can become awarding and enjoyable. The feeling of success at doing one's daily work―whether it is a job, maintaining a home, or going to school―depends largely on coming to it each day with fresh energy and active interest.
　　Leisure and recreation (消遺)go together, though they are not necessarily the same thing. "Recreation" has an obvious meaning. It is the kind of leisure activity that brings "re-creation" of strength and spirit. When one speaks of making good use of leisure, he means choosing recreational activities which contribute to health, growth, and spirit.

60.How to spend leisure time wisely is not a particularly difficult problem for people _______.
　　 A. who are very busy everyday
　　 B. who are sick in bed
　　 C. who are aged and in good health
　　 D. who have retired from work
61.It can be inferred from the passage that _________ .
　　 A. we work hard so that we can enjoy more leisure.
　　 B. we enjoy leisure so that we can come back to work with energetically.
　　 C. Leisure can bring us a lot of pleasures that work can not.
　　 D. The success of work has little to do with how we spend our leisure time.
62. What is the relationship between leisure and recreation, according to the author?
　　 A. Leisure and recreation are closely related.
　　 B. Leisure and recreation are the same.
　　 C. Recreation covers all kinds of leisure activities.
　　 D. Recreation does not belong to any leisure activity.
63. From the passage we know that __________.
　　 A. leisure has been an old problem since ancient times
　　 B. leisure can not be replaced as the most important part of life
　　 C. our success in work is mostly determined by whether we use leisure wisely
　　 D. good recreational activities can help improve health, growth and spirit

C

Buy now, pay later. Credit cards give people that choice. Those billions of small pieces of plastic in use all over the world make it easy to buy things. But people who use credit cards unexpectedly can soon find themselves heavily in debt.
      Cardholders may not think about it, but they borrow money from a bank or other lender each time they charge something. They avoid interest charges if they pay their bill in full each month. But if they only make the minimum payment, the lowest required, it may take years to pay off a debt. Interest is continually charged on the unpaid amount of money.
     A credit card may have a number of costs. First, there is the interest charge on purchases, known as the annual percentage rate, or A.P.R. In the United States right now, the average is between thirteen and fourteen to keep them. Cardholders may have to pay cash advance fees if they withdraw (取) money from a credit card. There are also fees if they go over their credit limit, or if a payment is late. Lenders may also raise interest rates as punishment.
      In the United States, credit card fees have become a political problem. Congress has threatened (威脅) to take action against what critics call abusive behavior by lenders. Yet getting a credit card has become a lot easier for most people. Maybe too easy: People receive offers in the mail of pre-approved cards that they never asked for. Many cards offer low rates at first, especially if people agree to move their balance from another card, absolutely for free.
       About half of all Americans have at least two credit cards. And the credit rating agency Experian says fourteen percent of the population has more than ten. Jeanne Hogarth at the Federal Reserve, the central bank, says the average family has four credit cards. But families that carry a balance, meaning they do not pay off their statements each month, have an average of five.
      In 1988 Americans had three hundred thirty billion dollars in credit card debt. Last year it was eight hundred forty billion. In the latest government study, the average credit card debt for all households was more than three thousand dollars. But for those that carried a balance, the average was five thousand three hundred.

64. Credit cardholders can prevent themselves from paying interest charges by ______.
A. putting more money into the bank                B. paying cash advance fees
C. paying their bill in full each month                D. making the minimum payment
65. Which of the following is NOT included in the costs of a credit card?
A. A.P.R                                         B. Going over the card limit.
C. Late payment.                               D. Moving balance from another bank.
66. We can infer from the text that _______ is/are seriously concerned about what some lenders are doing with their credit cards.
A. the Federal Reserve                          B. cardholders
C. Congress                                       D. the credit rating agency Experian
67. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. Credit Cards Are Easy to Get, But Harder to Pay Off     B. What Are Credit Cards
C. How to Apply for Credit Cards                               D. Say No to Credit Cards

D

I'm usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today's children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children aged 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.
    Why are America's kids so stressed? The report mentions two main causes: increasing physical isolation ―brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other things ―and a growing feeling that the world is a more dangerous place.
   Considering that we can't turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation deal with it.
    At the top of the list is nurturing develop a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress.
    To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep.

Limit the amount of virtual(虛擬的) violence your children are exposed to. It's not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news.
Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale.
Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you deal with your own anxieties and provide a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn't have to ruin your life.

68. The underlined word skeptical could be best replaced by ______.
A. puzzled B. doubtful C. sure D. curious

69. What does the author mean when he says "we can't turn the clock back" in paragraph 3?
A. It's impossible to slow down the pace of change.
B. The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.
C. Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.
D. It's impossible to forget the past.

70. According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago____.
A. were less isolated physically B. were probably less self-centered
C. probably suffered less from anxiety D. were considered less individualistic

71. The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is ____.
A. to provide them with a safer environment B. to lower their expectations for them
C. to get them more involved socially D. to set a good model for them to follow

72. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
A. Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be dealt with.
B. Children's anxiety has been a huge problem since the 1950s.
C. Children's anxiety can be got rid of with more parental care.
D. Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature.

第二節(jié) 簡答題（共3小題，滿分6分）

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)第73至第75小題的具體要求，簡要回答問題。

Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted．Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem. One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of.
      However, today, more and more consumers are choosing “green” and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the environment. Before they buy a product, they ask questions like these: “Will this shampoo damage the environment?” “Can this metal container be reused or can it only be used once?”
      A recent study showed that two out of five adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it. This means that companies must now change the way they make and sell their products to make sure that they are “green”, that is, friendly to the environment.
     Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in supermarkets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket products carry labels to show that the product is green. Some companies have made the manufacture of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.
     The concern for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink how they do business. No longer will the public accept the old attitude of “Buy it, use it, throw it away, and forget it”. The public pressure is on, and gradually business is cleaning up its act.

73. Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “manufacture”.

74.Why are companies rethinking how they do business? (回答詞數(shù)不超過12個)

75. What would be the best title for the text? （回答詞數(shù)不超過4個）

第四部分書面表達（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）

第一節(jié) 填空（共10小題，滿分10分）

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文后第76至第85小題的空格里填上適當?shù)膯卧~或短語。注意：每空不超過3 個單詞。

Inflation refers to a rise in prices that causes the purchasing power of a nation to fall. Inflation is a normal economic development as long as the annual percentage remains low; once the percentage rises over a pre-determined level, it is considered an inflation crisis.

There are many causes for inflation, depending on a number of factors. For example, inflation can happen when governments print too much money to deal with a crisis. As a result, prices end up rising at an extremely high speed to keep up with the extra money. This is called the demand-pull, in which prices are forced upwards because of a high demand.

Another common cause of inflation is a rise in production costs, which leads to an increase in the price of the final product. For example, if raw materials increase in price, this leads to the cost of production increasing, which in turn leads to the company increasing prices to maintain steady profits. Rising labor costs can also lead to inflation. As workers demand wage increases, companies usually chose to pass on those costs to their customers.

Inflation can also be caused by international lending and national debts. As nations borrow money, they have to deal with interests, which in the end cause prices to rise as a way of keeping up with their debts. A deep drop of the exchange rate can also result in inflation, as governments will have to deal with differences in the import/export level.

Finally, inflation can be caused by federal taxes put on consumer products such as cigarettes or fuel. As the taxes rise, suppliers often pass on the burden to the consumer; the catch, however, is that once prices have increased, they rarely go back, even if the taxes are later reduced. Wars are often cause for inflation, as governments must both pay back the money spent and repay the funds borrowed from the central bank. War often affects everything from international trading to labor costs to product demand, so in the end it always produces a rise in prices.

Title: 76