1. 形容詞和副詞的辨析：一般無規(guī)律可循，只能在于平常時(shí)多積累。我們應(yīng)注意這幾點(diǎn)：(1)分清形容詞和副詞各自的語法功能，即形容詞常用作定語，而副詞常用作狀語；(2)掌握具體的形容詞、副詞的基本含義和語法功能。如therefore意為“所以”，在句中起關(guān)聯(lián)作用。(3)有些副詞有兩種形式，其中一種形式與形容詞相同，另一種形式是在形容詞后加-ly，意義不太相同，應(yīng)加以分辨。常見的有：close接近──closely仔細(xì)地，密切地；high高──highly高度地；free免費(fèi)──freely自由地，自如地；late晚，遲──lately近來；deep深──deeply深刻地，深入地；near鄰近──nearly幾乎；　 hard努力地──hardly幾乎不；most最──mostly主要地； wide寬闊──widely廣泛地；easy從容地──easily容易地 (4)有些副詞與形容詞的詞形完全相同。換言之，有些詞同時(shí)兼有形容詞和副詞兩種詞性。常見的有：early, straight, slow, enough, fast, hard, long, firm等。

8. almost: 差距比nearly小�？膳cnever, no, no one, none, 　　 nobody, nothing, nowhere等否定詞連用，但不能 　　 與not連用。 　　 nearly: 不可與上述否定詞連用，但可與not連用，構(gòu)成 　　 Not…nearly, 意為“遠(yuǎn)非…，遠(yuǎn)不及…”

7. do damage to sth live one’s dream in ruins/in pieces under attack/discussion/construction/consideration/treatment

6. do sth would rather+ not do sth would rather+ do sth than do sth =would do sth rather than do sth =prefer to do sth rather than do sth would rather+ that-clause+ did─表現(xiàn)在或?qū)��?would rather+ that-clause+ had done─表過去

5. Where there is a river, there is a city. Where there is a will, there is a way. Where there is life, there is hope.

4. in…參加…比賽 　　 compete+ with/against…與…競(jìng)賽/競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 　　 compete+ for…角逐…，為獲取…而競(jìng)賽

3. weigh vt. 稱…的重量 　　　 vi. 重達(dá)…， 重量為… 　　　 put on weight 　　　 lose weight 　　　 by weight 　　　 in meters/pounds/calories 　　　 by the day/the week/the yard/the dozen/the ton

3. affect vt. 影響 　　 effect n. 效果，作用 　　 have a good/bad effect on 　　 in effect事實(shí)上 　　 cause and effect因果 　　 take effect生效，起作用 　　 come into effect生效，實(shí)行 　　 effort n. 努力 　　 without effort毫不費(fèi)力 　　 make every effort盡一切努力 　　 spare no effort不遺余力

2. They tied for first place in the game. We tied with the visiting team in the basketball match. The dog is tied to a tree.

1. prepare+ sth 　　 prepare+ sth for sth 　 prepare+ for sth 　 prepare+ to do sth 　 be prepared for 　 be prepared to do sth 　 make preparations for