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8.should

   ⑴可以表示估計或推測上的´應該`,還可以翻譯成可能,該,估計,按理應當?shù)鹊取?/p>

  The report  is written after careful investigation , so it should be reliable .

  這份報告是經過周密調查寫成的,所以該是可靠的。

  So far so I know you shouldn`t have any problems there .

  據(jù)我所知,你們在那兒不應該有什么麻煩。

  They should be there by now ,I think .我想他們現(xiàn)在該到那兒了。

⑵表示驚訝,不以為然等情緒,用于某些句型中,多譯為´竟然`;經常用于疑問句和感嘆句中表示

意外,驚異等情緒,常和疑問詞(why , how , whom,what)連用,而且疑問句不必回答。

I think it is dreadful that anyone should be so miserable .我想非常糟糕,每個人都竟然如此悲傷。

It seems unfair that this should happen to me .這種事情竟然發(fā)生在我的身上,好像不公平。

You can´t imagine that such a good student like him should fail in the exam .

你無法想象像他這樣如此好的學生竟然在考試中失敗了。

Why should I fear ? 我會害怕?(=I don`t fear at all .)

What should I see but misery ?所見皆是一片凄慘。(=I could see nothing but misery .)

Should you be so silly ? 你會這么傻嗎?(=You are not so silly .)

I was thinking of going to see John when who should appear but John himself .

我還想著去看約翰,想不到約翰來啦。

It is a marvel that she should have survived the disaster .她竟從那場災難中幸存,真是個奇跡。

I can`t bear that he should speak ill of me .他竟說我的壞話,我難以忍受。

I consider it a good joke that he should marry such a woman .他竟然同這樣一個女子結婚,真是個笑話。

That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing.他竟然這樣對你說話,實在讓人吃驚。

練習題:

-----When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon.

  -----They_______be ready by 12:00.

      B.should      C.might      D.need    

‚You can`t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman_______be so rude to a lady .

  A.might     B.need       C.should      D.would 

鞏固練習

試題詳情

7.may / might well+動詞原形或may/ might as well+動詞原形

 May /might well+動詞原形意思為“理應,有足夠的理由”;may / might as well +動詞原形

  意思為“還不如,不妨,還是…的好”,表示某人應該做某事,因為沒有更好的事、沒有更有趣的

  事或沒有更有用處的事可以做。May as well 可能比might as well 更加肯定一點。

  He may well be proud of his son .他大可以他的兒子為榮。

  She may well say so .她說的對。(有足夠的理由這樣說)

  It is very late ,so you may / might as well go to bed .夜深了,不妨去睡吧 。

  We may / might as well have something to eat .我們還不如吃點東西。

  You may / might as well repeat the experiment .你還是把這個實驗重做一遍為好。

  注:may / might (as) well 的否定式是may / might (as)well+not .

  練習題:

  ①Since she is angry , we_______her alone .

   A.had better leaving  B.should leave   C.might as well leave   D.had rather leave

試題詳情

6.need

  ⑴作為情態(tài)動詞時主要用在否定句和疑問句中,但是也可以用在用條件的肯定句中,這個條件是:肯

   定句中必須含有某些含某種否定含義的詞語,例如only ,but ,all,before等或者說句子中暗含某

   種否定含義。

   One need only consider the facts .否定含義是:只需考慮這些事實,不必去做別的事。

   He need do it but once .否定含義是:他不必做兩次以上。

   All he need do is state his opinion clearly.

  否定含義是:只要清楚地陳述自己的觀點,他不必做任何事。

  練習題:

   To become a member of the civic association ,one need only attend three meetings ,and 

   ________ his fees regularly.

  A. pay      B.to pay      C.paying     D.paid

  ⑵didn't need to 和needn't have done 的區(qū)別:

   前者表示沒有必要做實際上也沒有做某事,后者表示做了不該做的事情。

   They didn't need to come here.他們不必來這兒(實際也沒來)。

   They needn't have come here.他們本來不必來這兒(但是實際來了)

   They did not need to arrive so early .他們不必很早到達。

   She was too nervous to reply ,but fortunately she did not need to say nothing .

   她緊張的無法答話,但是幸運的是她什么也不需要說。

   You needn't have told them that .你本不必把這件事情告訴他們。

  練習題:

   ①You ______such a long essay ,the teacher only asked for 300 words ,and you have 

    written 600 words .

    A.mustn't have written  B.needn't have written 

   C.ddn't have to write   D.didn'need to write

   ②You______all those calculations !We have a computer to do that sort of thing.

   A.mustn{'t have done      B.must not have done    

   C.shouldn’t have done     not have done

試題詳情

5.will

  ⑴表示意愿或固執(zhí)堅持。用于非人主語時,表示固有性質,傾向。

She won't lend me the money .她不愿把錢借給我。

He is the man who will go his own way.他是一個自行其事的人。

The window won't open .窗子打不開。

The door won't shut .門關不上了。

  ⑵在含有if從句的主從復合句中,如果if引導的條件狀語從句表示的是一般將來時或過去將來時,

   不能用will或would ,而要用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時來代替。

   If you don't come here , I will go to find you .

   但是will可以用在if從句中表示各種“愿望”,包括“請求,意愿,拒絕,同意,允許,能夠,    

   堅持,選擇,計劃”等。

   If you will come into the hall ,the meeting will begin soon.

  請求)請到大廳里來,會議馬上開始了

   If you will make another try ,I shall do everything possible to help you .

   (意愿)如果你愿意再試一次的話,我愿近一切可能幫助你。

   If he wion't go with you ,I shall ask somebody else .

  (拒絕)如果他不肯同你一起去的話,我將另找人。

  If you wll agree with me ,I shall tell you everything about it .

  (同意)如果你同意我的觀點,我將把一切都告訴你。

  If you will come late again ,I shall let you in .

  (允諾)如果你答應不再遲到,我就讓你進去。

  If anyone will find a cure to the disease ,it will be a winder .

  (能夠)如果有人能夠治好這種病,那將是一個奇跡。

  If you will do it like that ,you will fail.(堅持)堅持那樣做,你就會失敗。

  If you will buy bread ,I shall buy beer .(選擇)如果你買面包,我就買啤酒。

  If you won't lend money to him,please let me know.

  (計劃)如果你不打算借錢給他,讓我知道。

   另:下面句子中的will表示“難免”。

   Accidents will happen.事故難免會發(fā)生。

   Boys will be boys .男孩子總是男孩子。

  ⑶will可以用來表示某些根據(jù)自然規(guī)律必定會發(fā)生的事情,并且此時可以用一般現(xiàn)在時來代替它。

   Oil will float on water .油能在水上漂流。

If the pure water is heated to 100°C , it will boil(可以用boils).

如果純凈的水加熱至100°C,它就會沸騰。

Stainless steel will not rust .不銹鋼是不會生銹的。

Matches will not strike if they are damp.火柴如果潮濕,就劃不著。

練習題:

Only in summer________ .

A.will the ice melt  B.the ice will melt C.the ice can melt  D.the ice melts

‚If you_______wait a moment ,I´ll go to see if Mr.Johns is free .

A.shall      B.will      C.would      D.need 

試題詳情

4.shall可以用在第二、三人稱,要重讀,不可以縮寫,表示說話人的意圖、意志、允諾、命令、命運或必然結果等;在法律、條約、協(xié)定等文件中可以表示義務、規(guī)定等。

You shall have a lot of money .(意圖/允諾)你會有很多錢的。

Each citizen shall carry his identification card when travelling.(規(guī)定)

旅游時每個市民務必帶上身份證。

You shall arrive there before sunset .(命令)你們要在日落前到達那兒。

If you don't behave yourself ,you shall be punidhed .(威脅)

如果你行為不軌的話,你會受到懲罰的。

The task shall be finished by Sunday .(允諾)任務會在星期天前完成的。

He shall get what he deserves .(警告)他會得到他應該得到的。

Death is certain to all;all shall die .(命運)死必臨萬物;萬物皆必死。

Better days shall soon follow .(預言)好日子不久會來到。

The time shall come when they shall be avenged .(意志)為他們伸冤的時候會來的。

Who touches pitch shall be defiled .(必然結果)玩火者必自焚。

POWs shall not be ill-treated .(法律用語)戰(zhàn)俘不得受虐待。

The new regulation shall take effect on May the first .(規(guī)定)新章程自五月一日起實施。

練習題:

It has been announced that candidates_______remain in their seats until all the papers have been 

   collected.

      B.will      C.may     D.shall

  ‚Haven`t I told you already that you_______have my answer tomorrow morning ?

   A. will     B.shall     C.should    D.would  

  ƒNobody_______throw away rubbish everywhere !

      B.need      C.shall     D.must 

試題詳情

3.used to 的意思是“過去常!,已經含有 always ,often ,sometimes ,from time to time等意思,但是它卻可以和它們連用。

  He always used to / used always to come by bus 。 他過去總是坐公共汽車來。

  He often used to work late at night 。他過去經常工作到深夜。

  She always used to get up at four o'clock in the morning 。她過去總是早晨4點起床。

但是used to 不可以與表示具體次數(shù)或一段時間(即特定的時間段)的詞語連用。

He went to abroad three times 。

He lived in the countryside for three years 。

但是可以和過去確定的時間壯語連用。

He used to live here in 1995。

He used to be devoted to her when she was a little girl 。

In those days we used to live in the country 。

  另:would 和used to 的區(qū)別如下:

兩者都可以表示過去的習慣性動作。但是would 只強調過去特定情況下的習慣性動作(由動態(tài)動詞表示),單純的過去和現(xiàn)在無關;而used to 即可以強調過去的習慣性動作(由動態(tài)動詞表示),也可以強調過去的事實或狀態(tài)(由靜態(tài)東此表示),且與現(xiàn)在形成對比,即可表示持續(xù)的狀態(tài),也可表示過去重復的行為。

I used to have an old car 。過去我有一輛舊轎車。

I didn't use to like opera ,but now I'm getting interested 。

我過去不喜歡歌劇,但現(xiàn)在逐漸有了興趣。

上面兩句話的動詞均是靜態(tài)動詞,說明過去的事實或狀態(tài),不能用would 代替used to 。

注:woud 和used to一樣,都不可用來表示發(fā)生的次數(shù),也不能與表示一個特定的時間段的狀語連用。

He went to Lomdon three times when he was a child .他還是孩子時,去過倫敦三次。

但是would可以和sometimes/now and then/from time to time 等詞組(表示過去有時或偶爾的時間狀語)連用。

She would sit there for hours sometimes ,doing nothing at all .

他有時一連坐好幾個小時,什么事情也不干。

  練習題:

  When he was there ,he_______go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day .

  A.would     B.should      C.had better     D.might 

試題詳情

 This point cannot be overemphasized 。這一點無論如何強調都不過分 。

 注釋:

 、與an't /cannot …too /enough 等中的not ,也可以用never /hardly /scarcely

      等代替。

   There can never be too much deception in war 。兵不厭詐。

      We can hardly/scarecely pay too high a price for liberation .

      為了解放,我們無論付出多高的代價也不為過。

     ⑵can't / cannot … …too / enough 等后的附加疑問句的動詞用肯定形式can,不用 

      can't。

        You can't praise him too much ,can you ?你無論怎樣贊揚他都不為過,對吧 ?

        You cannot be too careful ,can you ?  你再小心也不為過,對吧?

      ⑶“cannot wait 不定式 ”意思是“be eager to … … 急于做”,表示強調的肯定意思 。

        I cannot wait to read the book 。我非常渴望讀這本書 。

        He couldn ’t wait to see her 。他渴望見到她 。

練習題:

Please remind your grandpa to take medicine on time,for a man of his 

  age_______be very forgetful 。 

 A.should    B。must    C。shall      D。can 

‚You cannot be_______careful when you drive a car .

  A.very     B.so      C.too       D.enough 

   ƒThe car broke down on the way ,but we_____get out of the desert at last.

  A.might     B.would    C.were able to     D.could

2.  must有一種含義:“偏要”“硬要”。表示說話人對句子主語所發(fā)出的動作或行為是不希望的、不滿的甚至是生氣的。通常指令人不愉快的事情。must用于第二人稱時,常常含有諷刺挖苦的意思:

Why must you be so stubborn (固執(zhí))?

He must come and worry her with questions ,just when she was busy cooking the dinner 。

If you must smoke ,at least you could use an ashtray (煙灰缸)。00

As I was sitting down to lunch ,the electric bell must ring 。

Why must you be so late ?你為何非要這么晚來呢 ?

練習題:

Why _______you always interrupt me ?

A 。can  B 。will  C 。may  D。  must 

  ‚Naturally ,after I told her what to do ,my daughter _______go and do the opposite !

    A 。may  B。can   C。 must   D。 should 

  另:⑴have to 多表示習慣動作或客觀條件索引出的義務;而must則用于表示一種重要或急迫的事

    情:

We have to care for the young 。(義務)

She has to be at the office before 8 every day 。(習慣)

You must go to the manager at once ,or you 'll be diamissed 。(急迫的事情)

⑵通常have to 強調客觀需求,表示因客觀環(huán)境或事態(tài)促使而不得不作某事;must 強調主觀看法,

表示主觀上認為有必要做謀事。

I must learn another language 。(主觀想法:I want to )

I have to learn another language 。(客觀需求:身為一個外交官)

但是must 可以表示客觀必然性,意思為“必然(會),總是會”,而have to 則不可以這樣用。

All men must die 。人固有一死。

Competition must happen 。競爭總會發(fā)生。

Truth must be out 。真相總會大白 。

Winter must be followed by spring 。冬天到了,春天還會遠嗎 ?

There must be a day for revenge 。總有報仇的那一天 。

   ⑶對must 所在句子變反意疑問句時,應注意以下習慣搭配:

①must 作“必須”解時,反意疑問句中重復must 。

  All the children must respect their parents ,mustn’t they ?

孩子必須尊敬父母,對嗎?

②must 作“有必要”解時,反意疑問句中用need 。

  We must tell her the truth ,needn’t we ?我們現(xiàn)在有必要告訴她實情,對嗎?

③“must be ”表示推測時,反意疑問句用be 的適當形式 。

  You must be thirsty ,aren’t you ?你一定渴了,是嗎 ?

④“must have done ”表示推測時 ,附加疑問句一般用have 或 has ,但是有明確表示過去

的時間壯語(before 除外)時,反意疑問句用過去時態(tài)。

He must have finished the work ,hasn ’t he ?

He must have gone abroad last week ,didn’t he ?

You must have been tould about it that day ,weren’t you ?

⑤mustn’t 表示“禁止,不允許”時,反意疑問句一般用may 。

  The children mustn’t play with fire ,may they ?

  也可以用must 。

  We mustn’t be late ,must / may ?我們不可以遲到,對嗎?

⑥must 用于表示詢問對方意向時,反意疑問句部分的動詞可以與前面陳述句部分的動詞不一致。

  You must come tomorrow ,will you ? 練習題:

You mustn’t tell it to your morther ,_______?

  A.must you    B.do you    C.need you    D.will you

  ‚-----The students must hand in their term papers in a week ,_______?

     -----No,they _______。

     A.needn’t they ,mustn’t     B.mustn’t they ,mustn’t

C.mustn’t they ,needn’t     D.shouldn’t they ,should    

試題詳情

  二十年前,我能在后面跑著追上公共汽車,現(xiàn)在不行了。

⑤cannot /can't 與too/over(‐)/enough /perfectly /sufficiently 等詞連用,意思是

 “越…越…”“無論怎樣… …也不為過”、“決不會… …夠(過)”。

 You can't praise him too much 。你無論怎樣稱贊他都不過分。

 You cannot be over careful 。你越細心越好。

試題詳情

③在表示“經過嘗試或努力為能做到”的意思時,一般不用be able to。如對Were you able to

  find the pen?做否定回答應該用:No,I couldn't (find it )。不能說:No ,I wasn't able 

  to find it 。

④could 可以用來表示過去習慣性動作的完成,而was able to 卻沒有這種用法。

試題詳情

 我能考試及格。(考試及格了)

 After studying that you will be able to sovle these mathematics problems 。

 學習完這個方法后,你能夠解這些數(shù)學題了。

②在否定句結構中,be able to 指暫時的情況,而can可以指經常的情況。

 He is not able to swim today 。他今天不能游泳。

 He can't swim at all 。他根本不會游泳。

試題詳情


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