(二)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法

(1)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不知道是誰(shuí)或難以說(shuō)明時(shí)常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：

Street lights are often turned on at six in winter.　　

The new test book will be used next term.

(2)當(dāng)動(dòng)作的承受者比起動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者來(lái)說(shuō)更能引起人們的關(guān)心而需要加以強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：

This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.

The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday.

(3)含有雙賓語(yǔ)的句子，主動(dòng)句中的間接賓語(yǔ)或者直接賓語(yǔ)都可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)保留不變。變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的若是主動(dòng)句中的直接賓語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)前則需加介詞to 或for。

例如：The pianist gave the pupils some advice.

　　　　　　　　　　 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)

→The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.

→Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.

(4)在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中動(dòng)詞make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式不加to。但變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)后面的不定式都須加上to。

例如：The boss made them work ten hours a day.

　　 →They were made to work ten hours a day by the boss.

　　 　A boy saw him enter the house.

　 　　　→He was seen to enter the house.

(一)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成

英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be必須與主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致，并有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。例如：

The man was fooled by the two boys.

The book has been translated into several languages.

(八)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)預(yù)計(jì)以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，這種時(shí)態(tài)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般是過(guò)去時(shí)。

例如：

1)　 He said that he would study harder than before.

2)　 He didn’t tell me when he would go.

(七)過(guò)去完成時(shí)

表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或者從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

例如：

1)　 By the end of last year, we had learned more than 2,000 English words.

2)　 My teacher had taught in that school for ten years before she came here.

(六)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或過(guò)去某個(gè)階段正在做的事情。

例如：

1)　 He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.

2)　 When I came in, they were having supper.

(五)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或還要延續(xù)下去，句中常用since, for, yet, already等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。

例如：

1)　 Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.

2)　 He has been in this factory for five years.

(四)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或表示現(xiàn)階段正在做的事情，句中常與now, at this moment等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

例如：

1)　 The boy is playing video games.

2)　 His father is writing a novel these days.

(三)一般將來(lái)時(shí)

英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示將來(lái)時(shí)間有多種形式，其共同特點(diǎn)是句中常有表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，如：tomorrow, next week, in a week等

例如：

1)　 We will visit the science museum next week.

2)　 We are going to discuss the problem tomorrow.

(二)　 一般過(guò)去時(shí)

一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要用于表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作、行為或狀態(tài)，句中常有yesterday, ago, in 1989, once, last week (month, year), at that time, just now 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

例如：

1)　 He was born in 1989.

2)　 I used to play football when I was young.

英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞在表示不同時(shí)間里發(fā)生的行為或存在的狀態(tài)時(shí)，要用不同的形式來(lái)表示。英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)從時(shí)間上來(lái)看，可分為“現(xiàn)在”，“過(guò)去”，“將來(lái)“和”過(guò)去將來(lái)“四大類(lèi)。動(dòng)詞共有十六種不同時(shí)態(tài)，但常用的時(shí)態(tài)有八種。

(一)　 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作)或存在的狀態(tài)，句中常用always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

例如：

1)　 He goes to school at seven o’clock every day.

2)　 The sun rises in the east.