Do you know why you sleep? You may think it’s because you’re tired. Or perhaps you’ve been told sleep is good for you. Yet no one knows exactly why or how people sleep.
Until the early 1950s, most scientists thought the body and brain rested during sleep. Then a scientist watched people sleep. He noticed that during periods of between 5 and 30 minutes each, sleepers’ eyes made rapid movements, as if they were watching something. He called these periods REM sleep, for Rapid Eye Movement. Periods when sleepers’ eyes did not move he called non-REM sleep.
Whenever the scientist woke people during REM sleep, they were having vivid dreams. Measurements showed that sleepers’ pulses（脈搏）went up quickly during REM sleep. Their breathing, heartbeat, and the blood going to the brain also increased. Far from being a time of rest, REM sleep is a time when the body is hard at work. Scientists still don’t know the reason for this. Some believe REM sleep makes learning easier. Babies spend a lot of time in REM sleep. Because of this, some scientists believe that REM sleep helps the brain grow. Others think REM sleep is a time for the brain to empty the day’s garbage.
One thing all the scientists agree on is that sleep is necessary. Without enough sleep, people make mistakes. Most major car accidents happen during the early morning hours, when people are sleepiest.
【小題1】During REM sleep, a person’s breathing and heartbeat ________.

A．stop

B．increase

C．decrease

D．stay the same

【小題2】Which word in paragraph（段落）3 means “colorful and lively”?

A．easier

B．empty

C．vivid

D．quickly

【小題3】Which paragraph tells what happens when people don’t get enough sleep?

A．1

B．2

C．3

D．4

【小題4】What is the main idea of the article?

A．REM sleep helps the brain grow.

B．REM sleep has been watched and recorded by scientists.

C．REM sleep is a time to empty the day’s garbage.

D．REM sleep is an active time when the body is hard at work.

【小題5】You can decide from the article that REM sleep ________.

A．has a restful effect on people

B．can be avoided with lots of sleep

C．is something that all people experience

D．is something that all scientists agree on

Two students started quarreling at school. One student shouted dirty words at the other, and a fight began.
What can be done to stop fights like this at school? In some schools, disputants(爭執(zhí)者) sit down with peer mediators (同齡調(diào)解者). Peer mediators are usually students with special training in this kind of problems.
Peer mediators help disputants to talk in a friendly way. Here are some of the ways they use.
1. Express what you think clearly but don't say anything to hurt the other. Begin with "I feel" instead of "You always".
2. Listen carefully to what the other person is saying. Don't stop the other person's words.
3. Keep looking at the other person's eyes when he or she speaks.
4. Try to see the problems on the other person's side.
5. Never put anyone down. Saying things like "You are foolish (愚蠢的)" makes the talk difficult.
6. Try to find a result that makes both people happy.
Peer mediators never decide on the winner. They don't decide who is right or who is wrong. Instead they help disputants to find their own "win-win" result. A "win-win" result can make everyone feel good.
Peer mediators' work is often successful just because it gets disputants to talk to each other. And getting disputants to talk to each other is the first step in finding a "win-win" result.
【小題1】Peer mediators' work is _.

A．to teach lessons to disputants

B．to help find a way to make both disputants happy

C．to find out who starts the quarrel

D．to give students some special training

【小題2】What does the underlined phrase "put anyone down" mean in Chinese?
A. 貶低任何人   b.落后于任何人    
C. 奉承任何人 d.向任何人低頭
【小題3】What's the first step in finding a "win-win" result?

A．Letting disputants be afraid of peer mediators.

B．Letting disputants feel peer mediators are kind.

C．Getting disputants to talk to each other.

D．Making disputants feel good by telling funny stories.

【小題4】During the talk, if peer mediators say "You are a fool.",

A．disputants will realize they are wrong

B．disputants will understand peer mediators better

C．it is easy for peer mediators to decide who is right

D．it is hard for peer mediators to get a "win-win" result

【小題5】Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．All schools have peer mediators.

B．Peer mediators are usually students.

C．When disputants are speaking, peer mediators can stop their words at any time.

D．Peer mediators can make disputants get a "win-win" result every time.

Choose the best answer (根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?
You probably know you should say “please” and “thank you” at restaurants. You probably know the rules of a library. You know you should respect and be nice to your classmates. But do you have music manners?
Keep It Down! You have to notice the volume of your music. You should not play your music so loud that everyone around you can hear it. Some people might even get angry. Usually, when you play the music loud on an MP3 player, other people can’t hear the words of the song. They just hear a loud sound. No one wants to listen to this. Very loud music can also be bad for your ears. So even if you are alone when listening to our MP3 players, you shouldn’t turn it up too high.
Take Them Off! You need to know when to turn your MP3 off and put it away. Libraries, and schools don’t allow MP3 players. There are other places, like museums, that don’t have rules, but it would be rude to have your MP3 player on. Sometimes, it doesn’t make sense to listen on your MP3 player at event. Why would you listen to music at a play, a movie or a sporting event? You would miss what is going on and others would wonder why you even came.
Take One Out! Once in a while it’s okay just to take out one earphone and not other. Imagine you are listening on your MP3 player when someone asks you the way. It would not be rude to take out one earphone, tell him the way, and put back the earphone and continue listening. You can also do this when you order food at a fast-food restaurant or when you answer the telephone and it’s not for you.
It’s Your Choice! There are times when you need to decide what is best. For example, some people can listen to music on their MP3 players when reading books, while others think it is disturbing. In cases like this, you need to do what seems right for you.
【小題1】The underlined word “volume” in Paragraph Two probably means “_______”

A．the type of music	B．the amount of a sound
C．the length of a song	D．the color of an MP3 player

【小題2】No one wants to listen to _____________ from others’ MP3 players.

A．a(chǎn) loud sound

B．sad stories

C．a(chǎn) long movie

D．the words of a song

【小題3】We should turn down the music when we are alone because loud music ________.

A．is not enjoyable	B．makes us tired
C．is bad for MP3 players	D．hurts our ears

【小題4】If we listen to our MP3 player at a play, ______________________.

A．the theatre won’t allow it

B．the actors will get angry

C．others won’t hear the play well

D．we will miss part of the play

【小題5】We can take one earphone out when we _______________________.

A．show others the way

B．talk to friends on the phone

C．watch a sporting event

D．have dinner with our parents

【小題6】It’s all right to use our MP3 player in _________________.

A．school

B．libraries

C．restaurants

D．museums

【小題7】What can be the best title of this passage? _________________

A．Music lovers

B．Music manners

C．MP3 players

D．MP3 earphones

You probably know you should say” please” and “thank you ” at restaurants. You probably know the rules of a library. You know you should respect and be nice to your classmates. But do you have music manners?

Keep It Down! You have to notice the volume of your music. You should not play your music so loud that everyone around you can hear it. Some people might even get angry. Usually, when you play the music loud on an MP3 player, other people can’t hear the words of the song. They just hear a loud sound. Not one wants to listen to this. Very loud music can also be bad for your ears, so even if you are alone when listening to our MP3 player, you shouldn’t have it turned up too high.

Take Them off! You need to know when to turn your MP3 player off and put it away. Libraries and schools don’t allow MP3 players. There are other places, like museums, that don’t have rules, but it would be rude to have your MP3 player on. Sometimes, it just doesn’t make sense to listen to your MP3 player at event. Why would you listen to music at a play, a movie or a sporting event? You would miss what is going on and others would wonder why you even came.

Take One Out! Once in a while it’s okay just to take out one earphone and not other. Imagine you are listening to your MP3 player when someone asks you the way. It would not be rude to take out one earphone, tell him the way, and put back the earphone and continue listening. You can also do this when you order food at a fast-food restaurant or when you answer the telephone and it’s not for you.

It’s Your Choice! There are times when you need to decide what is best. For example, some people can listen to music on their MP3 Players when read books, while others think it is disturbing. In cases like this, you need to do what seems right for you.

1.The underlined word “volume” in Paragraph Two probably means” _____.

A．the type of music                       B．the amount of a sound

C．the length of a song                      D．the colour of and MP3 player

2.No one wants to listen to _____ from others’ MP3 player.

A．a(chǎn) loud sound                           B．sad stories

C．a(chǎn) long movie                           D．the words of a song

3.We can take one earphone out when we _____.

A．show others the way                     B．talk to fiends on the phone

C．watch a sporting event                   D．have dinner with our parents

4.It’s all right to use our MPS player in _____.

A．schools           B．libraries           C．restaurants        D．museums

5.What can be the best title of this passage?

A．Music Lovers       B．Music Manners     C．MP3 Players       D．MP3 Earphones