2009年高考短文改錯命題分析指導(二)

3. 動詞方面的錯誤

1) 謂語動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤主要表現為:動詞時態(tài)與時間指示不符;并列動詞的形式不一致;對主從句之間由于動作發(fā)生的時間不一致而出現的時態(tài)交錯現象處理不當;語態(tài)混用錯誤。如:

① (2008 全國卷Ⅱ )

…since I was familiar with Beijing, I can help visitors find... 81. ______

[簡析]was→am。 全篇材料時態(tài)為一般現在時,惟獨這里為一般過去時,因此需改為一般現在時。

② (2008 四川卷)

When they came here, I will show them around my university and the city as well. 61. _____

[簡析]came→come。由will show 的時態(tài)可以推出。

③ (2008 全國卷II)

If I have the honor to be chose to work for the 29th Olympic Games… 76. ______

簡析]chose→chosen。此處表示“ 被選擇”。

2) 非謂語動詞運用不當

主要設置下列錯誤:動詞與非謂語動詞混用;非謂語動詞各種形式混用;不定式多用to 與少用to。同學們應明確不作謂語的動詞必須用非謂語形式,而究竟使用何種非謂語形式由非謂語成分而定。當然,同學們還必須牢記不定式不能接to 的場合,以增強識別意識。

A. 謂語與非謂語形式混用

例1 :(2008 重慶卷)

And there are many meaningful things that are worth think of … 82. ______

[簡析]think→thinking。be worth 后面應接v-ing形式。

例2 :(2008 遼寧卷)

We all enjoyed this precious day greatly, remember the time we spent together and the people we were familiar with. 81. ______

[簡析]remember→remembering。此處為狀語,謂語形式remember 應改為非謂語形式。

B. 非謂語各種形式混用

例1 :The story about Growth is my favourite American TV play because it is very interested. (2008重慶卷) 76. ______

[簡析]interested→interesting。此處表示“ 有趣的;令人感興趣的( 電視劇)”。

例2 :(2008 福建卷)

I am very exciting to learn that you’re coming to Beijing for the Olympics. 76. ______

[簡析]exciting→excited。此處不表示“ 令人興奮的”,而表示“ 感到興奮的”。 C. 不定式用to 與不用to

例1 :(2008 陜西卷)

Perhaps someone who wanted see the play would take them. 82. ______

[簡析]wanted 后加to。want 后面接不定式作賓語時應帶to。

例2 :(2008 重慶卷)We’d better not to miss the chance... 85. ______

[簡析]去掉to。had better 或’d better 后應接不帶to 的不定式。

4. “ 平行結構類錯誤

① (2004 全國卷II)

I am thinking of making a trip to London, and visit the British Museum and some…

78. ______

[簡析]visit→visiting。并列連詞and 連接的兩個動詞make 和visit 都作介詞of 的賓語,故visit 應變?yōu)閯用~形式。

② (2004 天津卷)

At weekends, we would play basketball, swimming in the pool 81. ______ or go for a picnic.

[簡析]swimming→swim。并列連詞or 前后應為相同的成分。

5. 連詞方面的錯誤

在高考短文改錯中,經常出現大量的并列句和復合句?键c主要涉及并列連詞(but, and, so, or等) 和各種從句的引導詞的用法及具體含義。這就要求同學們弄清句子之間的關系。有些詞既可作連詞,又可作介詞( 如since, for 等) ;還有一些詞( 如during, yet 等) 很容易被誤認為連詞,而實際上它們卻是介詞或副詞。同時,還要注意一些固定連詞詞組, 如either ... or…, neither ... nor…, not only…but also…, not…but… 等,注意其中的搭配關系。如:

① (2008 全國卷I)

...there for half a month, visiting places of interest or practicing my English as well.

81. ______

[簡析]or→and。句意:在那里待了半個月,參觀名勝古跡,同時還練習英語。as well 為提示標志。

② (2008 天津卷)

I have already studied English for eight years, I can’t use it very well.

析: 逗號后加but。兩個并列句之間缺少并列連詞。

③ (2004 全國卷II)

 You can watch your stars while enjoying your favorite music. So then, a concert costs so much. I may just listen to music. 82. ______

[簡析]So→But。句意:你可以欣賞音樂,見到你喜歡的明星。但是音樂會的票價太高。由此可判斷這里應為轉折語氣。

④ (2008 安徽卷)

My friend could read some German, but I couldn’t, and I gave her the biscuit bag to find the name. 83. ______

[簡析]and→so。此處表示“ 所以”。

⑤ (2004 湖南卷) The teacher wasn’t looking at me, but I copied something ... 82. _____

[簡析]but→so。句意:老師沒有注意我,所以我趁機抄襲了一點兒。因此這里表示因果關系。

6. 形容詞、副詞方面的錯誤

通常是對名詞與形容詞之間、形容詞與副詞之間轉換的考查。同時,還應明確形容詞、副詞的原級、比較級、最高級的常用結構,以及比較對象的一致性等。如:

① (2004 全國卷IV)

... trying to steal person information for bad purposes. 82. ______

[簡析]person→personal。句意:不懷好意地試圖竊取個人信息。由此可判斷在名詞information 前需用形容詞作定語。

② (2008 浙江卷)

I headed for the company, feeling sure I would easy finish 300 envelopes in five hours and earn the money. 82. ______

[簡析]easy→easily。finish 為動詞,應用副詞修飾。

③ (2008 陜西卷)

Then John read some reviews of the play, which all said it was a terribly one!

[簡析]terribly→terrible。one 為名詞,應用形容詞修飾。

7. 介詞方面的錯誤

主要設置多用、少用與誤用介詞錯誤和介詞賓語表現形式錯誤。熟悉重要介詞的含義與搭配是發(fā)現與改正多用、少用、誤用介詞錯誤的主要方法。另外,同學們應牢記介詞后接人稱代詞時只能用賓格形式、接非謂語動詞時只能用v-ing 形式。

A. 多用、少用、誤用介詞方面的錯誤

例1 : (2008 全國卷Ⅱ )

I will first improve my English so that I can talk easily about foreign visitors. 78. ______

[簡析]about→with/to。表示“ 和某人談話” 應用短語“talk with/to sb.”。

例2 :(2004 全國卷III)

... and we’ll talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner. 84. ______

[簡析]with→about。talk about sb./sth. 表示“ 談論某人或某事”。

3 :(2004 福建卷)

We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about ... 79. ______

[簡析]on→in。表示“ 在( 想法、興趣等) 方面相同” 應用have…in common。__B. 介詞賓語表現形式錯誤

1 :(2008 全國卷I)

I have often dreamed of talk face to face with you. 83. ______

[簡析] talk→talking。of 為介詞,后面應接v-ing形式作賓語。

2 :(2008 浙江卷)

Getting out of the classroom is indeed necessary for we all. 85. ______

[簡析]we→us。for 為介詞,后面應接賓格人稱代詞。

8. 冠詞方面的錯誤

主要設置下列錯誤:表示“ 一……” 時不用a/ an,在不可數名詞前卻用不定冠詞a/an ;表示特指時不用定冠詞the,不表示特指時卻用the,尤其在某些習慣表達中隨便使用冠詞the ;不定冠詞a 與an 混用,元音發(fā)音開頭的單詞前用a,輔音發(fā)音開頭的單詞前用an。解題時應根據語境邏輯判斷相關名詞表示特指還是泛指,如表示特指用the ;表示泛指且有“ 一……” 之意,元音發(fā)音的單詞前用an,輔音發(fā)音的單詞前用a。如:

① (2008 全國卷II)

Second, I will learn more about history of the Olympics as well as the 2008 Olympic Games. 79. ______

[簡析]history 前加the。此處特指奧運會的歷史。

② (2008 天津卷)

One day, the school held party… 58. ______

[簡析]party 前加a。party 為可數名詞,且此處表示“ 一場晚會”,因此前面應用不定冠詞a。

③ (2008 遼寧卷)

 It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody and set a good time for all of us. 79. ______

[簡析] 去掉the。get in touch with 為固定搭配,表示“ 與……聯系”。

9. 句型方面的錯誤

主要考查there be,it be ... since 以及強調句、倒裝句等句型結構。如:

① (2004 天津卷)

It has been five years when we graduated ... 85. ______

[簡析] when→since。此題考查it is/ has been ...since 句型。

② (2004 廣東卷)

... once said:“It is us who are to blame for 82. _____ the poverty because we used to‘produce’children without limit.”

[簡析]us→we。此題考查強調句型,被強調的是句子的主語。

 

 


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