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科目: 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Two American scientists told the people in industrial nations that they would be much healthier if they ate more of the same kind of foods eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago. 
The scientists say that the human body has changed very little since human first appeared on earth, but the way we live has changed greatly. Our body has not been able to deal with these changes in life style and this has led to new kinds of sicknesses. These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times. So they are called “diseases of civilization”. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system, including heart attacks and strokes(中風) are examples of such diseases. 
Scientists noted that early stone-age people used very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none. Ancient people also got a great deal of physical exercise, but a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and life today. 
Stone-age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than farm animals. They also ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables, and fruits. They did not use milk and other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains. But today, we eat a large amount of dairy products and grain foods. We eat six times more salt than stone-age people. We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C. 
People today probably do not want to live as people thousands of years ago did, but scientists say that we would be much healthier if we ate as those ancient people did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet foods. 
小題1:The people in industrial nations would be much healthier if they ate ______. 
A.more foods as humans living 10,000 years ago did
B.a(chǎn)s humans living 10,000 years ago ate
C.more kinds of food eaten by people living over 10,000 years ago
D.more of the same kinds of foods eaten by people over 10,000 years ago
小題2:New kinds of sicknesses have been found because ______
A.the human body has changed compared with human first appearing on earth
B.the way we live has changed a little
C.our body can’t deal with the changes in life style
D.the way we live today are improper for the human body
小題3:What is the main cause mentioned in the article why people suffer from a lot of new sicknesses?
A.Ancient people did a great deal of physical exercise.
B.People today have a lot of alcohol.
C.People today have more tobacco.
D.Food is quite different between life today and life in ancient times.

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科目: 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the baby's point of view.
Mothers, doctors and nurse alike have no idea of where a baby's blood sugar level lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.
It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. I've never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldn't follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.
Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding . The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7 , 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ(智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample(樣本)of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s,taking account of parental education, family income, a child's sex and age, the mother's health and feeling style. These results don't surprise me. Feeling according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels.
I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeling practices.
小題1:What does the author think about Dr King?
A.He is strict
B.He is unkind
C.He has the wrong idea.
D.He sets a timetable for mothers
小題2:The word copper-bottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________
A.basicB.reliableC.surprisingD.interesting
小題3:What does the research tell us about feeling a baby on demand?
A.The baby will sleep well.
B.The baby will have its brain harmed.
C.The baby will have a low blood sugar level.
D.The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.
小題4:The author supports feeling the baby_______.
A.in the night
B.every four hours
C.whenever it wants food
D.a(chǎn)ccording to its blood sugar level

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科目: 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Carrot juice, because of its many healthy benefits, is commonly called the "magic juice". It has been found that adding carrot juice to people’s diets greatly improves their health. And its delicious taste makes it popular with all members of the family as a beverage.
Carrot juice is one of the richest sources of vitamin A that can be used in the daily diet. Lack (缺乏) of vitamin A can cause dryness and damage to the skin, nails and hair. Drinking carrot juice to increase the vitamin A in the diet is said to be good for many parts of the body, including the bones and teeth.
Drinking carrot juice is thought to be extremely helpful to the liver (肝臟), because vitamin A helps to clean the liver and reduce fat in it. And it is suggested that drinking carrot juice should be done regularly, rather than just from time to time.
Drinking carrot juice is also thought to improve the eyesight because of the vitamin A in the juice. Lack of vitamin A can lead to night blindness, which can be very dangerous, especially when the person is driving a car. An easy way to find out if you are lacking in vitamin A is to walk from a bright room into a dark room. Your eyes may have some trouble in getting used to the change of light if you are lacking in vitamin A.
How can you make carrot juice? Wash some carrots well in cold water. Scrape (刮) them lightly, but do not peel them, as this will take away valuable vitamins and minerals that lie close to the skin.
小題1:Lack of vitamin A can lead to _____.
A.skin drynessB.broken bones
C.complete blindnessD.liver cancer
小題2:According to the passage, carrot juice ______.
A.is popular because it is a magic cure for many diseases
B.does a lot of good to the teeth and other parts of the body
C.can wash away the waste from the body
D.may be harmful to the body if it’s drunk too much
小題3:We can learn from the fourth paragraph that _____.
A.drinking carrot juice helps to protect your eyesight
B.driving cars at night may lead to night blindness
C.walking from a bright room into a dark room may lead to night blindness
D.you will find it easy to get used to the change of light if you lack vitamin A
小題4:Which would be the best title for this passage?
A.Tips on How to Make Carrot Juice
B.The Way to Keep Good Health
C.The Great Benefits of Carrot Juice
D.A Healthy Diet for Patients

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科目: 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

All right! Enough cookies,cola, and chips! It seems that junk food is all that the children want to eat these days.Television controls their tastes.The kids see well-known personalities eating potato chips, candy and other processed food, and they want to be like their heroes.How do they do it?They eat the same food. I wish there were more characters like old Popeye(大力水手), the sailor, who ate spinach(菠菜) and not French fries.
Now I don't expect my children to eat healthy food because I like brown rice, beans, and fresh vegetables. I'm glad to cook traditional meals of meat and potatoes for them. I really can't be too upset with the kids because most adults aren't careful about what they eat. The other night, my wife and I went to a party where there was plenty to drink but very little for us to eat. They served hot dogs and hamburgers. I can't eat hot dogs, with all those preservatives(防腐劑), and hamburgers are filled with chemicals so that they look better. Besides the meat, they had sugar-filled cookies and cake, and of course, chips. I don't want the world to change because of me, but I think people should realize that there are alternatives(選擇) to eating meat. They always tell me that I probably don't get my essential(必要的) proteins. I feel better than ever and I'm sure that it's because I'm a vegetarian(素食主義者). I would really like to see more television advertisements which show the benefits of good, healthy, natural food.
小題1:According to the passage, it seems that ______.
A.canned food is the only one that the kids enjoy most.
B.the children like to have fried chicken only.
C.the kids prefer to have cold drinks, not junk food
D.the children like nothing better than junk food: cookies and chips
小題2:which of the following is NOT true?
A.Television influences children’s food choice
B.The author is not single and he eats meats
C.Though the author is a vegetarian, he feels very healthy
D.It is certain that beans and spinach are not junk food
小題3:The writer is a vegetarian, so people doubt very much _____.
A.why he goes to the party  B.whether he gets enough proteins
C.whether he allows his children to eat meatD.whether he is healthy and strong

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科目: 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Internet use appears to cause a drop in psychological health, according to a research at Carnegie Mellon University.
Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression(沮喪) and loneliness than those who used Internet less frequently, the two-year study showed. And it wasn’t that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feeling.
Researchers are puzzled by the results, which were completely the opposite to their experiences. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose the information and to communicate with others.
The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may explain the drop in well-being, researchers supposed. Faceless, bodiless “virtual” communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that knowing the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.
“But it’s important to remember this is not about the technology; it’s about how it is used,” says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel, one of the study founders. “It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications(應用) and services for technology.”
小題1:The best title of the passage probably is        .
A.Internet May Cause Depression
B.The Danger of Internet
C.Communication with Others by Internet
D.Puzzled by the Results
小題2:Why did the results of research puzzle the researchers?
A.People could choose their information through Internet.
B.They had expected the opposite results.
C.People can communicate with others.
D.They had thought Internet was much healthier.
小題3:Which of the following may be the cause of depression?
A.Net users found their living conditions bad.
B.Net users already had mental problems.
C.Deep relationships were formed through Internet.
D.Net users had less time to communicate with other people.
小題4:The writer’s attitude towards technology is        .
A.social factors must be considered while using technology
B.technology was to blame for depression
C.the problem doesn’t lie in technology
D.a(chǎn)pplications and services for technology must be designed

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科目: 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

How Americans Began to Eat Tomatoes
People have strange ideas about food. For example, the tomato is a kind of very delicious vegetable. It is one of useful plants that can be prepared in many ways. It has rich nutrition and vitamin in it. But in the 18th century, Americans never ate tomatoes. They grew them in their gardens because tomato plants are so pretty. But they thought the vegetable was poisonous (有毒的). They called tomatoes “poison apples.”
President Thomas Jefferson, however, knew that tomatoes were good to eat. He was a learned man. He had been to Paris, where he learned to love the taste of tomatoes. He grew many kinds of tomatoes in his garden. The President taught his cook a way for a cream of tomato soup. This beautiful pink soup was served at the President’s party. The guests thought the soup tasted really good. They never thought their president would serve his honored guests poison apples. Jefferson never spoke to his honored (忠實的) guests about the fact.
小題1:From the passage we know all the honored guests invited by Jefferson were       .
A.people from other countriesB.from France
C.people of his own countryD.men only
小題2:After you read the passage, which of the following do you think is true?
A.Americans never ate tomatoes after they began to plant them.
B.Americans didn’t eat tomatoes before 19th century.
C.Even now Americans don’t eat tomatoes.
D.In the 18th century Americans ate a lot of tomatoes.
小題3:The passage tells us that Jefferson was a President who learned to love the taste of tomatoes       .
A.while he was in ParisB.when he was a little boy
C.because his parents told him soD.from books
小題4:According to the text, _______ made the beautiful pink soup served at the President’s party?
A.the President himselfB.a(chǎn) French cook
C.the President’s cookD.the President’s wife

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科目: 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

The food we eat seems to have a great effect on our health. Although science has made big steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of human illness is related to food and forty percent of cancer is related to food as well. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, some researchers realized that things commonly used to keep colour in meats and other food additives(添加劑)caused cancer.
Yet, these additives remain in our food, and it is difficult to know which things on the wrappings(包裝)of foods are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to their animals, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of cows. Sometimes similar tings are supplied to animals not for their health, but just to make a profit.
The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to get a higher price on the market. Although some countries have tried to control such things, the practice continues.
小題1:Which of the following is not true?
A.Some wrappings of food are harmful.
B.Farmers try to make more money on the market by fattening their animals.
C.“The practice continues” means “things are still going on like that”.
D.We needn’t take care of what we eat.
小題2:According to this passage, we can know      .
A.perhaps most of human illness is caused by what we eat
B.perhaps most kinds of cancer are related to what people eat
C.cancer was discovered in 1945
D.science has made food unfit to eat
小題3:Things that are used to keep colours in meats are      .
A.harmfulB.uselessC.helplessD.dangerous
小題4:All the additives      .
A.a(chǎn)re bright and colourless
B.a(chǎn)re not bright and colourful
C.have indirect effects on our health
D.have direct effects on our health

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科目: 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Since 1950, the amount of information about the nutrition of food has increased by nearly 900 percent. Besides this fact, obesity has risen by 214 percent and nearly two out of every three adults in America are overweight or obese. Being overweight is not only an appearance problem, and it also increases the risk of various diseases including diabetes, sleep disorder and cancer.
With so much nutritional knowledge easy to find, we cannot simply ignore our present obesity epidemic(流行病). We know that fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamin. Though we are overweight, many of us choose junk food over healthy food out of habits. One explanation for our strong desire for junk food is that we learn to connect junk food with positive feelings when we are young, and changing this attitude requires a huge amount of confidence and determination. Fortunately, new research published in May 2012 has shown a simple and accessible way to make healthier food choices- the one that doesn’t rely on great determination.
The research was based on two separate studies and it was carried out by T. Bettina Cornwell of the University of Oregon and Anna R. McAlister of Michigan State University. In the first study, 60 adults between the ages of 19 and 23 were questioned about the role of food and drinks. The survey tells us that adults prefer sweetened drinks with high-calorie, salty foods, to sweetened drinks with vegetables.
In the second study, 75 children between the ages of 3 and 5 were gathered for some experiments including drinks served with vegetables. The preschooler experiments were carried out under different situations and on different days. The researchers found that the children chose to take more green vegetables when they were served with water instead of a sweetened drink.
According to Cornwell, children learn to connect high calorie, sugary drinks such as cola, with high fat foods such as French fries, from a very early age. McAlister adds that early taste development appears to play an important role in food choices later in life. Meals served at home and meals offered at restaurants, set the stage for this idea and for the preference to choose junk food over healthy food, when beginning to take sweetened drinks.
“Our taste preferences are heavily influenced by regularly eating particular food and drinking particular drink,” states Cornwell. “If the drink on the table goes against both adults and children eating their vegetables, then perhaps it is time to change that drink… and to serve water with all meals. Restaurants could easily use water as free drink for children’s meals and charge extra money for other drinks.” Both McAlister and Cornwell are confident that serving water with meals could effectively reduce the nation’s obesity rates, diabetes rates and ever rising healthcare costs.
小題1:What may cause the risk of diseases according to the text?
A.Over nutrition.B.Obesity.C.Unbalance diets.D.Junk food.
小題2:What makes many of us choose junk food according to the author?
A.Positive feelings about food.B.High calorie of junk food.
C.Nice taste.D.Eating habits.
小題3:The underlined word “accessible” in Paragraph 2 means”_________”.
A.quickB.usefulC.easy to changeD.easy to get
小題4:From Paragraph5, we know that __________.
A.children may like sugary and high-calorie drinks even from an early age
B.early preference for food and drink may influence food choices later in life
C.easy preference for drinks should not be allowed in most of the restaurants
D.restaurants should provide the same food and drink as those at home
小題5:Which would be the best title for this text?
A.Stop children drinking sugary drinks
B.Drink water to eat more healthy
C.Change eating habits to lose weight
D.Eat healthy food at home

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科目: 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Over the years, Americans have become used to salt.Most people have no idea how much salt they consume-on average, about 9 to 12 gram per person per day, according to the American Heart Association.That's twice the amount recommended by the government.
A new study last week showed eating even a little less salt could greatly help the heart.The scientists said the results would be thirteen percent fewer heart attacks, eight percent fewer strokes(中風), four percent fewer deaths and eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease.
Researchers also found that the benefits would be greatest for African Americans and women.As a group, African Americans tend to have higher blood pressure than the general population, and "many studies suggest that they may be more sensitive to salt," says Dr.Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, an epidemiologist(流行病學家)at the University of California, San Francisco.Her analysis found that a reduction of 3 gram of salt per day would reduce heart attacks 8% on average; among African Americans, that rate would drop 10%.A similar result was found in women, whose stroke risk dropped 8% with a 3-g reduction in salt intake; in men, the risk fell 5%.
They and public health professionals in the United States are interested in a national campaign to persuade people to eat less salt.
However, other scientists say such a campaign is an experiment with the health of millions of people.
Michael Alderman, a high blood pressure expert and professor at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, says that eating less salt results in lower blood pressure.But he says studies have not clearly shown that lowering salt means fewer heart attacks or strokes.
“Salt has other biological effects. Calling for reductions in the national diet could have good effects, as well as harmful results. There is not enough evidence either way,”said Michael Alderman.
小題1:Eating too much salt may lead to the following EXCEPT           
A.strokeB.heart diseaseC.high blood pressure D.lung cancer
小題2:What can we learn from the passage?
A.Most Americans take more salt than advised.
B.African women eat more salt than Americans.
C.One's origin determines how much salt he can eat.
D.Good health is just on the basis of having less salt.
小題3:The author's attitude toward the study is         
A.coldB.objectiveC.subjectiveD.doubtful
小題4:What's the best title of the passage?
A.The Benefits of Eating Less Salt.
B.A New Study on Salt and Diseases.
C.An Argument Over Salt and Health.
D.The Harm Caused by Too Much Salt.

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科目: 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

We have proof that you become what you eat. When you know the effects of different types of food, you can use your knowledge well and eat what you want to become.
Food has an impact on our physical and mental health. Have you ever heard any of the following advice?
Lettuce (萵苣) or milk can make you sleepy.
To stop feeling sleepy you should eat peanuts or dried fish.
Everyone has their own advice to give, which they have read about or have been told by older relatives. Some of these pieces of advice seem to contradict each other.
Eating chocolate makes you fat and gives you spots.
Chocolate contains the essential minerals: iron and magnesium (鎂).
What we need to figure out is what type of chocolate to eat to get the benefits and how much of it to eat. We can do this by reading the list of ingredients (原料) on the chocolate bar package. Exactly how much real chocolate is in there? And how much of that do we need to eat to get the benefits of the minerals it contains?
Future restaurants might be named after the physical or mental state they hope to create. Their menus will list the benefits of each dish and drink. Some restaurants have already started this concept, and list the nutritional (營養(yǎng)的) content of their dishes on the menus.
Let’s take the restaurant “Winners” as an example. Their menu would list dishes specifically designed to help you win sports competitions. Or you could choose the Go-faster salad, which is a large bowl of mixed raw vegetables in a light salad dressing, giving you energy without making you gain weight. And what kind of dishes do you think would be on the menu at the “Clever Café”?
So what’s going to happen to hamburgers and biscuits? Will the concept of eating food, because it’s tasty, go out of fashion? Of course not! Junk food is also changing. If ice-cream is not good for children, can’t we give them fat-free, sugar-free tofu ice-cream? Unhealthy food is going out of fashion, so brands are changing. We are told not to drink cola because of the sugar and caffeine content so cola companies are making sugar-free and caffeine-free drinks. We are told dried fruit is a healthier snack than biscuits so some biscuit companies are making biscuits with added vitamins.
小題1:By saying “you become what you eat”, the writer means that ________.
A.you will become your own food
B.you will know what food is good by its appearance
C.food has an effect on your health
D.you will know the effects of different types of food
小題2:What does the underlined word “contradict” mean in the text?
A.Oppose toB.Help with
C.Have influence onD.Benefit from
小題3:How can we eat chocolate properly, according to the passage?
A.To eat chocolate containing the essential minerals.
B.To read the list of ingredients on the package.
C.To get advice from others before eating real chocolate.
D.To learn how much chocolate we can consume before eating.
小題4:Which is true about the future restaurants?
A.The food in “Winners” can ensure you to win sports competitions.
B.They might list the nutritional content of their dishes on the menus.
C.Hamburgers will disappear in these restaurants.
D.The Go-faster salad helps you go faster.
小題5:The concept of eating tasty food will not go out of fashion because ________.
A.the junk food companies are changing their brand names
B.biscuit companies are making dried fruit
C.junk food will become healthier than before
D.Cola companies are still making cola

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