There’s a whole lot of things that people fill their stomachs with. Some of them keep people alive. Some of them taste good to people. Some of them help people win pie-eating contests. Alcohol does none of these things. Why do people keep drinking it? And what does it do once it gets to their stomachs?

There are all kinds of alcohol molecules (分子), but the one that people most often pour down their throat is ethanol (乙醇). Ethanol is very tiny and it dissolves in water, so it gets into all sorts of places that it’s not supposed to. Alcohol heads for the digestive system. Because it dissolves in water, it can get into the water in the bloodstream. Because ethanol, to a certain extent, can pass through cell membranes(膜). It can go almost anywhere. It spreads through the muscles, and is sweated（出汗） — unmetabolized(未經(jīng)新陳代謝的) and whole — through the skin. It gets into the heart. It even takes a walk through the brain, and this is the secret of its powers.

Alcohol depresses the nerves, and the nerves affect almost every area of the body. Enough alcohol makes people sleep, so people who become unconscious choke on their own vomit (嘔吐物). Most worryingly, enough alcohol can shut down those parts of the brain just like any other parts. People become unconscious and their brains simply forget to breathe.

Alcohol is broken down in the liver. Alcohol doesn’t destroy the liver, but products that the liver breaks the alcohol into do cause damage. A glass of wine per day can not do any harm. Instead, it can prevent heart attacks or can make someone functionally young. And it is kind of nice to know that sometimes, relaxation and cheer can be bottled. All that’s needed is to take care how much alcohol is let into a person’s brain.

1.How does the author introduce the topic of the text?

A. By statement.B. By question.

C. By arguing.D. By explaining.

2.Why can alcohol reach the brain?

A. Because it can move through water molecules in the blood.

B. Because it is small enough to get through any narrow space.

C. Because it is so light that the bloodstream can transport.

D. Because it is absorbed only by the cells in the stomach.

3.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?

A. Alcohol affects the work of the nerves.

B. Alcohol has an effect on people’s breath.

C. People are drunk when their brains get drunk.

D. Drinking too much is quite dangerous.

4.From the passage, we can know ________.

A. many people like a drink when they feel relaxed

B. enough alcohol can control the brain activities

C. alcohol damages the liver indirectly

D. proper alcohol may lead to better sleep

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“Thus far, the wealth of nations has been almost always associated with longevity, health, happiness or life satisfaction,” explains psychological scientist Shigehiro Oishi of the University of Virginia. “Given that meaning in life is an important aspect of overall well-being, we wanted to look more carefully at differential patterns, correlates (相關(guān)物), and predictors for meaning in life.”

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The data suggest that religiosity may play an important role: Residents of wealthier nations, where religiosity is lower, reported less meaning in life and had higher suicide rates than poorer countries.

According to the researchers, religion may provide meaning to life to the extent that it helps people to overcome personal difficulty and cope with the struggles of working to survive in poor economic conditions:

“Religion gives a system that connects daily experiences with the coherent whole (連貫的整體) and a general structure to one’s life … and plays a critical role in constructing meaning out of extreme hardship,” the researchers write.

Oishi and Diener hope to reproduce these findings using more comprehensive measures of meaning and religiosity, and are interested in following countries over time to track whether economic prosperity gives rise to less religiosity and less meaning in life.

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B. Do you have relatives living abroad?

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D. Is religion involved in your daily life?

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A. Those who have higher life satisfaction usually have lower sense of meaning in life.

B. People in wealthier nations were more educated, have fewer children and express less individualistic attitudes compared to those in poorer countries.

C. Religion may provide meaning to life in that people can get strong support from it in face of hardship.

D. Wealthy people are more likely to commit suicide than poor people.

3.What can be inferred from the passage?

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B. Economic prosperity gives rise to less religiosity and less meaning in life.

C. If you want to find meaning in life, you must practice a religion.

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A. greater life satisfaction leads to lower sense of meaning

B. residents of poorer nations enjoy greater meaning in life

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