There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.
In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are strictly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers.This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.
What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of skill, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their insistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the US, China,Japan and among the Arctic peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys reflect their surroundings.Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.
Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been affected by technological quick development that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the ox-cart to the automobile is a direct line of ahievement. The progress from a rattle(撥浪鼓) used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by a baby today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of times and subject to the limtations of available materials.
【小題1】. The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that_________.

A．their social roles are strictly determined
B．most boys would like to follow their fathers’ professions
C．boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers
D．they like challenging activities
【小題2】. Which of the following is the author’s view on the historical development of toys？
A．The making skills in toys has remained essentially unchanged.
B．Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries.
C．The toy industry has witnessed great improvement in technology in recent years.
D．Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child’s character.
【小題3】. Regarded as a kind of art form, toys________.
A．follow a direct line of achievement
B．a(chǎn)lso appeal greatly to adults
C．a(chǎn)re not characterized by technological progress
D．reflect the pace of social progress
【小題4】. The author uses the example of a rattle to show that________.
A．in toy-making there is a continuity in the use of materials
B．even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technology
C．it often takes a long time to introduce new technology into toy-making
D．even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time


【小題1】.A
【小題1】.B
【小題1】.C
【小題1】.D

解析

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：湖南省衡陽(yáng)八中2010屆高三第四次月考、英語(yǔ)試卷 題型：050

閱讀理解

　　In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror or the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping．

　　According to a weather expert' s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate．If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities．Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere(北半球), possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth's chief food growing zones．

　　In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet．But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels．

　　Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing．The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place．This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth．

　　However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling．Scientists conclude , therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have gone beyond those caused by man．The question is：Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?

　　One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun．Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and "cold" spots(that is, the relatively less hot spots)on the sun．As the sun rotates(使旋轉(zhuǎn)), every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or "colder" faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth．This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation．The sun is also changeable over a long term：its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward．

　　Scientists are now finding shared relations between models of solar weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age．The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not．One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia(慣性)of the earth's climate．If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful opposed balance to the sun's fading heat．

(1)

It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ________．

[　　]

A．

mean a warming-up in the Antarctic

B．

raise the temperature of the earth' s surface

C．

prevent the sun's rays from reaching the earth's surface

D．

explain the cause of great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere

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The article was written to explain ________．

[　　]

A．

the greenhouse effect

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the solar effects on the earth

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the causes affecting weather

D．

the models of solar-weather interactions

(3)

Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling．This is ________．

[　　]

A．

mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising

B．

partly due to changes in the output of solar energy

C．

possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting

D．

only due to the effect of the inertia of the earth' s climate

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On the basis of their models, scientists believe the opinion that ________．

[　　]

A．

the climate of the world should be becoming cooler

B．

the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect

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the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects

D．

it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth's climate to take effect

(5)

If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice age is correct, ________．

[　　]

A．

ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere

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the greenhouse effect could work in favor of the earth

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the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels

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the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly

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E
In the atmosphere．carbon dioxide．a(chǎn)cts rather like a one-way mirror or the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping．
According to a weather expert’s prediction，the atmosphere will be 3°C warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate．If this warming up took place，the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities．
Also，the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere，possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth’s chief food growing zones．
In the past，concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet．But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic，which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming，in other words，by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty  years from the burning of fuels．
Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing．The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place．This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth．
However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere，where temperatures seem to be falling．Scientists conclude，therefore，that up to now natural influences on the weather have gone beyond those caused by man．The question is：Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?  
One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun．Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and ‘cold’ spots (that is，the relatively less hot spots)on the sun．As the sun rotates，every 27．5 days，it presents hotter or colder faces to the earth，and different aspects to different parts of the earth．This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth’s atmospheric pressure，and consequently on wind circulation．The sun is also changeable over a long term：its heat output goes up and down in cycles，the latest trend being downward．
Scientists are now finding shared relation between models of solar weather interaction and the actual climate over many thousands of years，including the last Ice Age．The problem is that
the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not．One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia(惰性)of the earth’s climate．If this is right，the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful opposed balance to the sun’s fading heat．
72．It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ______．
A．mean a warming-up in the Arctic
B．raise the temperature of the earth’s surface
C．prevent the sun’s rays from reaching the earth’s surface
D．explain the cause of great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere
73．Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there
seem to be falling．This is _______．
A．mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising
B．partly due to changes in the output of solar energy
C．possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting  
D．only due to the effect of the inertia of the earth’s climate
74．On the basis of their models , scientists are of the opinion that  ________
A．the climate of the world should be becoming cooler
B．the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect
C．the man．made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects  
D．it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth’s climate to take effect
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A．ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere
B．the greenhouse effect could work in favor of the earth
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D．the increased levels of carbon dioxide could warm up the earth even more quickly

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1.The author had to hold the two women’s funerals probably because     .

A．he wanted to comfort the two families

B．he was an official from the community

C．he had great pity for the deceased

D．he was priest of the local church

2.People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because     .

A．they couldn’t find a better way to express their sorrow

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B．the world can be interpreted in different ways

C．there’s an explanation for everything in the world

D．we have to be sensible in order to understand the world

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B．Every story should have a happy ending.

C．Never feel guilty all the time because not every disaster is our fault.

D．In general, the survivors will feel guilty about the people who passed away .

 

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