ROME: The legend of Leonardo da Vinci is
covered in mystery: How did he die?Are the remains buried in a French castle
really those of the master? Was the "Mona Lisa" a self-portrait in
disguise (偽裝)?
A group of Italian scientists believe the
key to solving those puzzles lies with the remains, and they say they are
seeking permission to dig up the body to conduct carbon and DNA testing.
If the skull is undamaged, the scientists
can go to the heart of a question that has fascinated scholars and the public
for centuries: the identity of the "Mona Lisa." Recreating a virtual
and then physical reconstruction of Leonardo's face, they can compare it with
the smiling face in the painting.
"We don't know what we'll find if the
tomb is opened. We could even just find grains and dust," says Giorgio
Gruppioni, an anthropologist who is participating in the project. "But if
the remains are well kept, they are a biological record of events in a person's
life, and sometimes in their death." Silvano Vinceti, the leader of the
group, said that he plans to press his case with the French officials in
charge of the said burial site at Amboise Castle early next week.
Leonardo moved to France at the invitation
of King Francis I, who named him "first painter to the king." He spent
the last three years of his life there, and died in 1519 at age 67. The
artist's original burial place, the palace church of Saint Florentine, was
destroyed during the French Revolution and remains that are believed to be his
were eventually reburied in the Saint-Hubert Chapel near the castle.
"The Amboise tomb is a symbolic tomb;
it's a big question mark," said Alessandro Vezzosi, the director of a
museum dedicated to Leonardo in his hometown of Vinci. Vezzosi said that
investigating the tomb could help identify the artist's bones with certainty
and solve other questions, such as the cause of his death. He said he asked to
open the tomb in 2004 to study the remains, but the Amboise Castle turned him
down.
The group of 100 experts involved in the
project, called the National Committee for Historical and Artistic Heritage,
was created in 2003 with the aim of "solving the great mysteries of the
past," said Vinceti, who has written books on art and literature.
Arguably the world's most famous painting,
the "Mona Lisa" hangs in the Louvre in Paris, where it drew some 8.5
million visitors last year. Mystery has surrounded the identity of the
painting's subject for centuries, with opinions ranging from the wife of a
Florentine merchant to Leonardo's own mother.
That Leonardo intended the "Mona
Lisa" as a self-portrait in disguise is a possibility that has interested
and divided scholars. Theories have existed: Some think that Leonardo's taste
for tricks and riddles might have led him to hide his own identity behind that
puzzling smile; others have guessed that the painting hid an androgynous lover.
If granted access to the grave site, the
Italian experts plan to use a tiny camera and radar to confirm the presence of
bones. The scientists would then exhume (挖掘) the remains and attempt to date the bones with carbon testing.
At the heart of the proposed study is the
effort to discover whether the remains are actually Leonardo's, including with
DNA testing.
Vezzosi questions the DNA comparison,
saying he is unaware of any direct descendants (后代) of Leonardo or of tombs that could be
attributed with certainty to the artist's close relatives.
Gruppioni said that DNA from the bones
could also eventually be compared to DNA found elsewhere. For example, Leonardo
is thought to have rubbed colors on the canvas with his thumb, possibly using
saliva (唾液),
meaning DNA might be found on his paintings.
Even in the absence of DNA testing, other
tests could provide useful information, including whether the bones belonged to
a man or a woman, and whether the person died young or old.
Even within the committee, experts are
divided over the identity of the "Mona Lisa."
Vinceti believes that a tradition of
considering the self-portrait to be not just a faithful imitation of one's
features but a representation of one's spiritual identity may have resonated (共鳴) with Leonardo.
Vezzosi, the museum director, dismissed as
"baseless and senseless" the idea that the "Mona Lisa"
could be a self-portrait of Leonardo. He said most researchers believe the
woman may have been either a wife of the artist's sponsor, the Florentine
nobleman Giuliano de Medici, or Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a rich silk
merchant, Francesco del Giocondo. The traditional view is that the name
"Mona Lisa" comes from the silk merchant's wife, as well as its
Italian name: "La Gioconda."
1. Where is this passage most
probably taken from?
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A．A magazine.
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B．A newspaper.
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C．A textbook.
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D．A research report.
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2. Why does the author ask a
couple of questions in the beginning?
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A．To arouse the interest of readers.
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B．To puzzle Italian scientists.
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C．To answer the questions himself.
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D．To make fun of French officials.
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3. The best title of this story
might be “_____”.
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A．What Is the Purpose of an Investigation?
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B．How Did Leonardo da Vinci Die in France?
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C．Are the Remains Really Those of the Master?
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D．Did Leonardo Paint Himself as 'Mona Lisa'?
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4.The sentence “he plans to press his
case with the French officials” (underlined in Paragraph 4) suggests that
Vinceti intends to _____.
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A．press the French officials to participate in their project
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B．urge the French officials to open the tomb early next week
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C．persuade the French officials to allow opening the tomb
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D．record events in a person’s life with the French officials
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5. Which of the following
statements is true according to the passage?
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A．Scholars have the same opinion on DNA testing.
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B．Scientists doubt if the remains are those of da Vinci.
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C．The identity of “Mona Lisa” has already been proved.
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D．Alessandro Vezzosi got permission to open the tomb.
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6. We can infer from the last
two paragraphs that _____?
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A．“Mona Lisa” is the name of the wife of a silk merchant
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B．the “Mona
Lisa” is a
self-portrait of Leonardo da Vinci
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C．experts divided the committee into several groups
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D．opinions differ of the identity of the “Mona Lisa”
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