Question

【題目】 The time children spend outdoors could be linked to a reduced risk of being short-sighted, research suggests.

An analysis of eight previous studies by University of Cambridge researchers found that for each additional hour spent outside per week, the risk of short-sightedness was reduced by 2%.They said exposure to natural light and time spent looking at distant objects could be key factors.

The studies involved more than 10,000 children and adolescents. Dr Justin Sherwin and his research team concluded that short-sighted children spent an average of 3.7 fewer hours per week outdoors than those who either had normal vision or were far-sighted.

But they said the reasons were not yet clear. They expected to find that children who spent more time outdoors also spent less time doing activities like reading, studying or playing computer games, but no such link was found in two of the eight studies which looked at this relationship.

However, Dr Sherwin said they would now need more precise data to try to understand which factors, such as increased use of distance vision, reduced use of near vision, natural ultraviolet(紫外線的) light exposure and physical activity, are most important.

“Any increase in time spent outdoors must be weighed against exposure to ultraviolet radiation and the increased risk of skin cancer, cataracts(白內障)and other cancers.” he said."On the other hand, increasing outdoor physical activity could protect against diabetes and obesity, for example."

Short-sightedness is a common eye condition that causes distant objects to appear blurred(模糊不清的), while close objects can be seen clearly. It is much more common today in the UK and the United States than it was just 30 to 40 years ago. Approximately 1-2% of five-year-olds to seven-year-olds in the UK have short-sightedness. About. five million British people are short-sighted and some 200,000 of them will be seriously short-sighted. In some parts of Asia, more than 80% of the population suffers from short-sightedness.

【1】The underlined word “precise” in the fifth paragraph shares the closest meaning with .

A.accurateB.strong

C.specificD.precious

【2】According to the passage, short-sightedness may have something to do with the following except .

A.obesityB.exposure to natural light

C.looking at distant objectsD.time spent outdoors

【3】The last paragraph is mainly developed by .

A.giving definitionsB.showing figures

C.presenting argumentsD.making comparisons

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】A

【3】B

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。根據英國劍橋大學的一項研究，小孩在室外呆的時間越長，他們患近視的風險就越小。這說明室外自然光線對我們的眼睛有益，可以降低我們患近視的概率。不過，過多接受室外光線也有其弊病。

【1】詞義猜測題。根據下文such as increased use of distance vision, reduced use of near vision, natural ultraviolet light exposure and physical activity, are most important.可知是在列舉一些具體的影響因素，比如增加使用遠距離視力，減少使用近距離視力，自然紫外線照射和體育活動。故可知Sherwin博士他們現(xiàn)在需要更精確的數(shù)據來了解哪些因素是重要的。故劃線單詞意思為“精確的；確切的”，故選A。

【2】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中Dr Justin Sherwin and his research team concluded that short-sighted children spent an average of 3.7 fewer hours per week outdoors than those who either had normal vision or were far-sighted.（Justin Sherwin博士和他的研究小組得出結論，近視兒童每周在戶外活動的時間平均比視力正常或遠視的兒童少3.7個小時。）以及第四段However, Dr Sherwin said they would now need more precise data to try to understand which factors, such as increased use of distance vision, reduced use of near vision, natural ultraviolet light exposure and physical activity, are most important.（然而，Sherwin博士說，他們現(xiàn)在需要更精確的數(shù)據來了解哪些因素是重要的，比如增加使用遠距離視力，減少使用近距離視力，自然紫外線照射和體育活動。）可知根據文章，近視可能與暴露在自然光下，看遠處的物體，以及在戶外呆的時間有關。只有A選項“肥胖”文章并沒有提及與近視有關。故選A。

【3】推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容Short-sightedness is a common eye condition that causes distant objects to appear blurred , while close objects can be seen clearly. It is much more common today in the UK and the United States than it was just 30 to 40 years ago. Approximately 1-2% of five-year-olds to seven-year-olds in the UK have short-sightedness. About five million British people are short-sighted and some 200,000 of them will be seriously short-sighted. In some parts of Asia, more than 80% of the population suffers from short-sightedness.（近視是一種常見的眼部疾病，它會使遠處的物體看起來模糊不清，而近處的物體卻能看得很清楚。與30到40年前相比，今天在英國和美國更常見。在英國，大約1-2%的5 - 7歲兒童患有近視。英國約有500萬人近視，其中約20萬人將嚴重近視。在亞洲的一些地區(qū)，超過80%的人口患有近視。）可知最后一段通過列舉具體的數(shù)字來展開本段。故選B。