Question

18．The health dangers of smoking have been well reported．For years，doctors have warned that smoking can cause lung cancer．Studies also have linked smoking to several other kinds of cancer，heart attacks，and a number of other medical problems．The repeated health warnings have had an effect．Thousands of people have stopped smoking．But as many people have learned，stopping smoking can be very difficult．
A major problem apparently is the nicotine，a poisonous substance found in tobacco．Small amounts of nicotine are released as tobacco is burned．And over many years of smoking，a person's body becomes dependent on the substance．An attempt to stop smoking brings the problems of nicotine withdrawal（脫癮過(guò)程）．
American medical researchers have found that nicotine withdrawal causes people to become angry very easily，aggressive，worried and unable to think sharply．Many people who have tried to stop smoking would confirm those findings．
To help people give up smoking，some tobacco companies have proposed chewing tobacco，or using snuff as safe substitutes（替代物）．Snuff is a tobacco powder that usually is breathed in．But many people put it between their gum and cheek．
A group of British scientists said recently that many lives could be saved by a major program to get cigarette smokers to change to snuff．An American scientist，Allan Blum，disagreed．Dr．Blum argued that snuff，put in the mouth，can cause gum disease，teeth problems and throat problems that lead to cancer．Dr．Blum also warned against chewing tobacco as a substitute for smoking．He said chewing tobacco can lead to cancer of the mouth，throat or digestive system．
Medical researchers say another possible substitute for smoking is a special nicotine chewing gum．The gum is already sold in Europe and Canada．A report says research shows that the chewing gum will increase the amount of nicotine in a person's blood．This helps satisfy some people's desire for a cigarette．However，the report says，the chewing gum also leads to some unpleasant side effects．And it may be dangerous for people with heart problems．
Two other American scientists say they have found that the most effective way to stop smoking is to do it completely，suddenly，all at once．The report by Saul Shirtman and Dr．Murray Jogbett says that by stopping all at once，the worst problems of nicotine withdrawal are over in just a few days．But，they say，by continuing to smoke，even a little less each day，the problems of withdrawal never end completely．

Bad effects of smoking	Many kinds of disease and a number of other medical （61）problems are connected with smoking．
Difficulty in stopping smoking	The （62）reason for this is that smokers are （63） dependent on nicotine，a poisonous substance in tobacco，and people （64）trying/attempting to stop smoking have emotional problems and are unable to think sharply．
（65） Ways/Measures to stop smoking	Looking for substitutes for smoking	Snuff	Causing gum disease，teeth problems and throat problems （66）leadingto cancer．
		Chewing tobacco	Causing cancer of the mouth，throat or digestive system
		Nicotine chewing gum	◆Helping satisfy some people's desire for a cigarette by （67）increasing/raisingthe amount of nicotine in one's blood． ◆Having some side effects and being dangerous for people who （68）sufferfrom heart problems．
	Giving up smoking  （69） completely，suddenly，all at once	In a few days，the worst problems of nicotine withdrawal no longer （70） exist/appear．

Answer 1

分析 本文主要講述了吸煙的危害，吸煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致各種癌癥的發(fā)生

解答 61．problems  62．reason  63．dependent  64．trying/attempting  65．Ways/Measures
66．leading  67．increasing/raising  68．suffer  69．completely  70．exist/appear
61．problems 原詞重現(xiàn)：從第一段的a number of other medical problems．許多其他的醫(yī)療問(wèn)題，可知填problems．
62．reason  根據(jù)句意和后面的介詞for可知填reason，the reason for"…的原因"．
63．dependent 原詞重現(xiàn)：從第二段的a person's body becomes dependent on the substance．一個(gè)人的身體變得依賴這種物質(zhì)，可知填dependent
64．trying/attempting 詞形轉(zhuǎn)換題：第二段的句子A try to stop smoking brings the problems of nicotine withdrawal（脫癮過(guò)程）．這里的try 是名詞，題目中需要?jiǎng)釉~的現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)．填trying
65．Ways/Measures歸納題：表格右欄是一些解決辦法，根據(jù)搭配Ways/Measures to do，填Ways/Measures．
66．leading 同義詞轉(zhuǎn)化題：從第五段的句子：can cause gum disease，teeth problems and throat problems that lead to cancer．會(huì)導(dǎo)致口腔牙齒及喉嚨問(wèn)題，這些問(wèn)題會(huì)導(dǎo)致癌癥，可知填leading，等同于that lead
67．increasing/raising 詞性轉(zhuǎn)化題：文章倒數(shù)第二段的句中A report says research shows that the chewing gum will increase the amount of nicotine in a person's blood．出現(xiàn)increase，而題目中by后面需要?jiǎng)用�詞，所以填increasing/raising．
 68．suffer近義詞轉(zhuǎn)化題：文章倒數(shù)第二段：And it may be dangerous for people with heart problems．有心臟問(wèn)題的人也可以是：people who suffer from heart problems．
69．completely 原詞重現(xiàn)：從最后一段：Two other American scientists say they have found that the most effective way to stop smoking is to do it completely，suddenly，all at once．看出填completely
70．exist/appear詞義轉(zhuǎn)化題：最后一段說(shuō)：he worst problems of nicotine withdrawal are over in just a few days．問(wèn)題幾天之內(nèi)就結(jié)束，也就是不再存在．填exist/appear．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 1．瀏覽文章，掌握大意：做任務(wù)型閱讀題不宜先看圖表，而應(yīng)先通讀全文，掌握文章大意，了解文章中心思想，確認(rèn)文章是圍繞什么議題而展開(kāi)論述的；
2．解讀表格，理清思路：任務(wù)型閱讀文后所列圖表往往是由文章主標(biāo)題，下面是分標(biāo)題；
3．細(xì)讀文章，概括信息學(xué)生在理解了圖表后，必須認(rèn)真，細(xì)致地閱讀文章，歸納出文章信息；
4．再閱圖表，試填答案：在解讀圖表，認(rèn)真閱讀了短文，概括信息的基礎(chǔ)上，再回到圖表，將文章和圖表有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來(lái)，細(xì)節(jié)題通常在原文中可直接找到答案；
5．復(fù)讀原文和圖表，確認(rèn)答案試填答案后，將圖表結(jié)合原文至少再通讀一遍．