Question

4．If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal（夜間活動的）species on this planet．Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light．This is a basic evolutionary fact，even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings．Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night：We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light．
   The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences-called light pollution---whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study．Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky．III-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels-and light rhythms-to which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted．Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected．
   In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze（霾） that mirrors our fear of the dark．We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night，-dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth，is wholly beyond our experience，beyond memory almost．
  We've lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further form the truth．Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species is astonishing．Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet（磁鐵）．The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being"captured"by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms．Migrating at night，birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings．
  Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal，throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint，including their nighttime breeding choruses．Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs．Like most other creatures，we do need darkness．Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself．
   Living in a glare of our own making，we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage-the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night．In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way-the edge of our galaxy-arching overhead．

66．According to the passage，human beingB
A．prefer to live in the darkness
B．a(chǎn)re used to living in the day light
C．were curious about the midnight world
D．had to stay at home with the light of the moon
67．What does"it"（Paragraph 1）most probably refer toA
A．The night
B．The moon
C．The sky
D．The planet
68．The writer mentions birds and frogs toB
A．provide examples of animal protection
A．show how light pollution affects animals
B．compare the living habits of both species
C．explain why the number of certain species has declined
69．It is implied in the last paragraph thatD
A．light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals
B．light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
C．human beings cannot go to the outer space
D．human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
70．What might be the best title for the passage？C
A．The Magic light．
B．The Orange Haze．
C．The Disappearing Night．
D．The Rhythms of Nature．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇科教類閱讀，屬于說明文，如果人類真的是在月亮和星星的光下在家，我們會高興地黑暗，午夜的世界會讓我們看到就像大量夜間活動的物種看到的那樣．本文以此展開，主要介紹了光污染對于動物和人類的影響，呼吁我們反思我們的行為．

解答 66．答案：B．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第一段第三行"with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light眼睛適應了太陽的光線"可以知道答案．其中adapted to 和used to 同義，意為"習慣于"．故選B．
67．答案：A．詞義猜測題．Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night：We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light．但是這是唯一的方法去解釋我們對于夜晚做了什么：我們設計了光，讓光充滿星空．根據(jù)語境分析可知it指代the night．故選A．
68．答案：B．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二段第一句話"The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences 這項工程帶來好處的同時也帶來了壞處"和最后一句"Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected無論光灑在什么地方，生活都會受到一些影響"可知，光影響了人們的生活及地球上的環(huán)境． 所以答案是show how light pollution affects animals，作者舉例是為了說明光污染影響動物．故選B．
69．答案：D．推理判斷題．分析最后一段，根據(jù)we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage-the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night"生活在一個刺眼世界，我們已經(jīng)遠離了進化和文化遺產(chǎn)：星星和晝夜節(jié)律的光"；In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being"在一個非常真實的意義上，光污染使我們在宇宙中失去真我"等語句可知作者認為光污染使得人們失去了很多．對比選項發(fā)現(xiàn)D選項human beings should reflect on their position in the universe"人類應該反思自己的行為"符合語境．但此題易錯選B，之所以不選B是因為some of 的表達是擴大了說法，以偏概全．故選D．
70．答案：C．主旨大意題．閱讀全文，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了光使夜晚不在，光污染對于動物和人類的影響．故選C．

點評 本文是一篇科教類閱讀，題目涉及推理判斷題，細節(jié)理解題，主旨大意題．做題時學生應仔細閱讀原文，把握文章主要內(nèi)容，聯(lián)系文章上下文內(nèi)容并結合所給選項含義，從中選出正確答案，一定要做到有理有據(jù)，切忌胡亂猜測．