11.What about the effect of long working hours on your weight?A new paper,written by Joelle Abramowitz,an economist,has some surprising results.She starts out by showing a simple graph:those who work longer are easy to be bigger.
That seems interesting,but is not as good as expected.After all,there may be other factors that mean that hardworking people tend to be overweight.So Ms Abramowitz uses regressions(回歸),which allows her to control a variety of other factors,like income.Her results have a few surprises:those with a college degree are likely to be slimmer(苗條).Rather depressingly,marriage results in women getting thinner,but men fatter.
She shows that for workers in"non-strenuous(不繁重的)"jobs,like secretarial work and accountancy,ten additional hours spent working per week are connected with an increase in body size index 0.4for women and 0.2for men.That translates,on average,into an increase of 2.5pounds and 1.4pounds respectively(各自地).Unsurprisingly,for those whose jobs require a bit of physical effort,the effect no longer holds.
So why do long hours result in weight gain?Only 20% of American jobs are even mildly stressful,compared to 50% in 1960.In 1960,a tenth of the American workforce was involved in agriculture,but today it's more like 1%.More time at the desk means less movement.Busy people may have less time to prepare good meals,instead choosing a take-away.( management consultants,in my experience at least,tend to be rather knowledgeable about fancy restaurants near them).They exercise less.And workaholics sleep less:inadequate shut-eye is associated with weight gain.
Women gain more weight than men,Ms abramowitz reasons,because they tend to replace work for health-improving activities like exercise.However,men are prettysedentary,whether or not they work long hours.So maybe desk-jobbers should include a bit of physicality in the daily hard work.Standing up while working is one choice.
32.What can we know about Joelle Abramowitz's graph?D
A.The author thinks it's puzzling.
B.Many people don't think it's good.
C.It includes many factors on fatness
D.It shows people working long put on more weight.
33.What kind of people tends to put on weight according to the passage?C
A.People who feel depressed.
B.People who have college degrees.
C.People who work on secretarial work.
D.people who often eat in fancy restaurants
34.Compared to the past,A.
A.Americans are fatter because of lack of exercise
B.Americans are fatter because of improvement of life
C.Americans become fatter because of less stressful work
D.Americans men are more likely to put on weight than women.
35.What's the meaning of the underlined word"sedentary"in paragraph 5?B
A.Hard-working.B.Inactive C.Thoughtful D.Changeable.
分析 本文是一篇人物故事類閱讀,長時間工作會影響你的體重嗎?一項新的報告中,伯克利,一位經(jīng)濟學(xué)家所寫的,有一些令人驚訝的結(jié)論,她開始通過展示一個簡單的圖:那些工作更長時間的更容易增重.本文以此展開,主要講述了從事工作以及體重的關(guān)系.
解答 32.答案:D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)A new paper,written by Joelle Abramowitz,an economist,has some surprising results.She starts out by showing a simple graph:those who work longer are easy to be bigger.可知,圖表顯示,工作更長時間的人們長更多的重量.故選D.
33.答案:C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)She shows that for workers in"non-strenuous(不繁重的)"jobs,like secretarial work and accountancy,ten additional hours spent working per week are connected with an increase in body size index 0.4for women and 0.2for men.可知,秘書工作和會計等十個額外的每周工作時間與女性體型指數(shù)增加0.4和0.2.故做秘書工作的人更容易增重.故選C.
34.答案:A.推理判斷題.根據(jù)More time at the desk means less movement.Busy people may have less time to prepare good meals,instead choosing a take-away.( management consultants,in my experience at least,tend to be rather knowledgeable about fancy restaurants near them).They exercise less.可推測出,與過去相比,美國人更胖的原因是因為鍛煉少.故選A.
35.答案:B.詞義猜測題.根據(jù)前面一句because they tend to replace work for health-improving activities like exercise知,女士會進行運動,然而,男士非常不活躍.故可知該詞意為不活躍.故選B.
點評 本文是一篇人物故事類閱讀,題目涉及多道細(xì)節(jié)理解題,推理判斷題,詞義猜測題.做題時學(xué)生應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀原文,把握文章主要內(nèi)容,聯(lián)系文章上下文內(nèi)容并結(jié)合所給選項含義,從中選出正確答案,一定要做到有理有據(jù),切忌胡亂猜測.