Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1,or top, human carcinogens (致癌物質(zhì)), said the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is the World Health Organization's (WHO) cancer agency, on Oct 17,2013.
The most widely used system for classifying carcinogens comes from the IARC, which places them into five groups. Group 1 carcinogens definitely cause cancer in humans. Group 2A is probably carcinogenic to humans, Group 2B is possibly carcinogenic, the carcinogenicity of Group 3 in humans is unclassifiable, and Group 4 is probably not carcinogenic to humans. Only a little more than 100 are classified as Group 1 cancer-causing substances, including ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke.
“Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,” the lARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement. “The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction: the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution.”
In 2010, lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide, and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder (膀腕) cancer, according to the IARC.
Air pollution is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses, including respiratory and heart diseases.
Air pollution is global, although the levels of it vary over space and time.
Loomis said people in Asia, eastern North America, some places in Central America and Mexico, as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure. Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors, such as China, are particularly at risk.
Many cities in China, such as Beijing, frequently see smog. This week, Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province, became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smog
Many developed countries face similar problems, although to a lesser degree than most developing nations. In Europe, levels of many pollutants have fallen. But between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5—tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers—that are higher than the WHO safety limits, says a report published by the European Environment Agency on Oct 15.
Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other, the 1ARC said its conclusions apply to all regions of the world.
“Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,” said Christopher Wild, director of the IARC.
1.What might be the best title of the passage?
A. Signals of air pollution
B. Safety limits of air pollution
C. Air pollution, cancer risk
D. Air pollution, smog risk
2.What’s the main task of IARC?
A. To focus on cancer-causing substances.
B. To evaluate the air quality.
C. To study the developing risk of cancer.
D. To send signals to the international community.
3.Why should the international community take action without further delay?
A. The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place.
B. More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution.
C. Developed countries face air pollution, the level of which is higher than the safety limits.
D. A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution.
1.C
2.B
3.D
【解析】
試題分析：這篇文章講的是空氣污染會造成癌癥的危險，評估空氣質(zhì)量的IARC的數(shù)據(jù)表明，全世界的人們不同程度的受到空氣污染影響，呼吁國際社會應(yīng)該立刻采取行動。
1.標(biāo)題確定題：從文章的內(nèi)容和第一段的句子;：Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1,or top, human carcinogens可知這篇文章講的是空氣污染會造成癌癥的危險，選C
2.細節(jié)題：從文章第三段的句子：“Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,”可知IARC的主要目的是評估空氣質(zhì)量，選B
3.細節(jié)題：從文章最后一段的句子：“Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,”可知國際社會應(yīng)該立刻采取行動，因為全世界很多人暴露于空氣污染。選D
考點：考查健康環(huán)保類短文
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In some remote Turkish village of Kuskoy, whistling is as important as talking．In fact, whistling is talking because the villagers speak and sing by whistling．Kuskoy parents begin to teach their boys and girls the language of whistling about the time the children learn to talk．It is considered so important that the village school includes it as one of the subjects taught along with the Turkish language.
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Whistling is so much part of everyday life in Kuskoy that men and women speak, argue, and court (求愛) in whistles．The story was recently told of a young couple who ran away secretly．The news was sent over the “mountain telephone” by whistling．The lover’s adventure was quickly known to all the villagers.
It is little wonder, then, that the children of Kuskoy study whistling in school．Wouldn’t it be fun to start the school day with a song—whistled of course!
The children of Kuskoy learn to whistle because __ _．
A．it is fun B．it is an important way to communicate
C．it helps them learn to sing D．it is like the Turkish language
In Kuskoy, whistling as a way of talking started __ _．
A．recently B．hundreds of years ago
C．fifty years ago D．ten years ago
Which one of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．The high-pitched whistle can be heard at a distance of 5 km.
B．The parents were too ready to allow the young couple to marry each other.
C．The villagers found an easy way to communicate where they could be heard.
D．The villagers of Kuskoy are often informed of news by whistling.
Which of the following do you think is the best title for this story?
A．To Learn Whistle Is Very Important B．Whistling Is Fun
C．Whistling—The Mountain Telephone D．The Strange Turkish Language
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B
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