13.Many years ago in a small German town,a Jewish businessman had the misfortune of owing a large sum of money to a moneylender.The moneylender,who was old and ugly,fancied the businessman's beautiful daughter.So he proposed a bargain.
The moneylender told them that he would put a black pebble and a white pebble into an empty bag.The girl would then have a pick one pebble from the bag.If she picked the black pebble,she would become the moneylender's wife and he would forgo her father's debt.If she picked the white pebble,she need not marry him and her father's debt would still be forgiven.But if she refused to pick a pebble,her father would be thrown into jail.
They were standing on a pebble-strewn path.As they talked,the moneylender bent over to pick up two pebbles.The sharp-eyed girl noticed that he had picked up two black pebbles and put them into the bag.He then asked the girl to pick a pebble from the bag.No doubt she was caught in a dilemma.
What would you have done if you were the girl?Careful analysis would produce three possibilities:
1.The girl should refuse to take a pebble.
2.The girl should know that there were two black pebbles in the bag and expose (揭露) the moneylender as a cheat.
3.The girl should pick a black pebble and sacrifice herself in order to save her father from his debt and imprisonment.
The above story is used with the hope that it will make us appreciate the difference between lateral (橫向的) and logical thinking.
Read on.
The girl put her hand into the bag and drew out a pebble.Without looking at it,she fumbled and let it fall onto the pebble-strewn path where it immediately became lost among all the other pebbles."Oh,how clumsy of me!"she said."But never mind.If you look into the bag for the one that is left,you'll be able to tell which pebble I picked."Since the remaining pebble was black,it must be assumed that she had picked the white one.And since the moneylender dared not admit his dishonesty,the girl changed what seemed a terrible situation into an extremely advantageous one.
55.The underlined word"forgo"in Paragraph 2may mean"B".
A.pay off B.give up C.take over D.run out
56.Which of the following indicates lateral thinking?D.
A.The girl exposed the cheat and found another way.
B.The girl picked a black pebble and accepted the result.
C.The girl refused to take a pebble and fled at once.
D.The girl picked one pebble and made it disappear.
57.It can be inferred from the passage thatC.
A.The girl dropped the pebble onto the path by accident.
B.The girl didn't know there were two black pebbled in the bag.
C.The girl dropped the pebble onto the path on purpose.
D.The girl replaced a black pebble in the bag.
58.What lesson can we learn form the story?A.
A.Thinking about a complicated problem in another way.
B.Coming up with a clever answer is easy.
C.Keeping calm when facing a difficult situation.
D.Thinking twice before making a final choice.
分析 文章中的女孩用不同于平常的方法,機智地使自己免于進退兩難的境地,由此我們可以學到的是,在遇到復雜問題時,我們可以換一種角度或方法去思考.
解答 55-58.BDCA
55題答案:B詞義猜測題.由畫線詞所在句的下一句中的"her father's debt would still be forgiven"(她父親的債務還是會被原諒).可知,此處是指他會"免除"她父親的債.forgo與give up意思相近,選D.
56題答案:D推理判斷題.文章第四段給出了三種可能性,這三種都屬于logical thinking(邏輯思考),接下來一段說這個故事會讓我們體會到logical thinking與lateral thinking(橫向思考)的不同,而故事的發(fā)展有別于之前的可能性,故"那個女孩挑了一個卵石并讓它不見了"應該是屬于lateral thinking,選C.
57題答案:C推理判斷題.由文中的"The sharp-eyed girl noticed that he had picked up two black pebbles and put them into the bag."(尖眼睛的女孩注意到他挑選了兩個黑色的卵石并且把它們放進包里).可知,女孩兒知道袋子里裝的是兩個黑色的卵石,所以她應該是故意弄丟她拿到的那個,這樣她才能贏,故A項正確.
58題答案:A推理判斷題.文章中女孩用不同于平常的方法,機智地使自己免于進退兩難的境地,由此我們可以學到的是,在遇到復雜問題時,我們可以換一種角度或方法去思考,故B項切題.
點評 本文是一篇科教類閱讀,題目涉及多道細節(jié)理解題,做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對 性找出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析,結(jié)合選項選出正確答案.推理判斷也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確的答案.