Question

16．Find Which Direction Is South
Do you have a good sense of direction？If not，please take with you a compass．But if you forget to take a compass，you can still find your way．
It's never a good idea to imagine that the family member who was entrusted（委托）with the job of map-reading actually knows where the family is．You can tell by the slightly confused load on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map．Never mind．The shu is shining and it's still morning．If you don't know the exact time，you can still find out where south is，but you'll need to be patient．
①Find a straight sick and put it in the ground in a place where you can mark its shadow．
②Try to position the stick as vertically（垂直）as you can．You can check this by making a simple plumb line （鉛錘線）with a piece of string and weight．You haven't got any string？OK，use a thread from your clothes with a button tied at the end to act as a weight．
③Mark the end of the shadow cast by the stick．
④Wait approximately half an hour and mark the end of the shadow again．
⑤Keep doing this until you have made several marks．
⑥The mark nearest the stick will represent the shortest shadow，which is cast at midday，when the sun is highest in the sky and pointing to the exact south．
⑦Pick a point in the distance along the line between the shortest shadow and the stick．
⑧That point is south of where you are．
⑨Now you can turn the map，like you did before，and find which way you should be travelling．

68．To find the direction，we ought to be patient probably becauseC
A．it is not easy to find a proper stick
B．it is not easy to position the stick
C．it takes hours to make the marks
D．it takes about half an hour to make the marks
69．The passage would probably be most helpful toB．
A．those who draw maps
B．those who get lost
C．those who make compasses
D．those who do experiments
70．Which of the following pictures best shows the way of finding the direction of south？A

71．The author presents this passage byD．
A．telling an interesting story
B．describing an activity in a lively way
C．testing an idea by reasoning
D．introducing a practical method．

Answer 1

分析 你有很好的方向感嗎？如果沒有，請隨身帶上一個指南針．但是如果你忘記帶指南針，你依然能找到方向． 想象家庭成員中受托看地圖的人能知道一家人在哪永遠(yuǎn)不是一個好想法．你可以從他們困惑的神情看得出來，似乎這里的每一寸土地都與地圖不符．沒關(guān)系．太陽依舊照耀，還依然是早晨．如果你不知道確切時間，你依然可以知道哪里是南方，但是你需要耐心．①找一個直棍，將其立在一個你可以標(biāo)記它的影子的地方．②將直棍盡量豎直．你可以用一根簡單的具有細(xì)繩和負(fù)重的鉛垂線．你沒有線？好吧，從衣服上拉下一根線，用紐扣當(dāng)負(fù)重．③標(biāo)記下直棍的影子．④等大約半個小時，之后再次標(biāo)記影子．⑤反復(fù)做幾次，直到你有若干個記號．⑥離直棍最近的影子會最短，這是在正午投射下來的，當(dāng)太陽在天空中最高處并指向南時．⑦在最短影和棍子之間取一個點．⑧這個點就是你所處位置的南方⑨現(xiàn)在你可以像以前一樣，旋轉(zhuǎn)地圖，找到你該走哪個方向．

解答 68．C．推理判斷題．根據(jù)③Mark the end of the shadow cast（投射） by the stick．④Wait about half an hour and mark the end of the shadow again．⑤Keep doing this until you have made several marks．可知③標(biāo)記下直棍的影子．④等大約半個小時，之后再次標(biāo)記影子．⑤反復(fù)做幾次，直到你有若干個記號．從這三點可以看出，做陰影的標(biāo)記最費(fèi)時間，所以要耐心．故選C．
69．B．推理判斷題．根據(jù)You can tell by the troubled look on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map，可知你可以從他們困惑的神情看得出來，似乎這里的每一寸土地都與地圖不符，從而可以推測這是迷路時的現(xiàn)象，所以答案為B．故選B．
70．A  推理判斷題．依據(jù)文章中⑥The mark nearest the stick will represent the shortest shadow，which is cast at midday，when the sun is highest in the sky and pointing to the exact south的敘述，可知：離樹棍最近的那條線代表的陰影最短，證明當(dāng)時太陽在天空最高，指向的就是最南方，對應(yīng)的正好是A．故選A．
71．D．寫作方法題．本文介紹的這種方法切實可行，所以作者是通過講述一個很實用的方法來闡述這篇文章的．故選D．

點評 閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋．考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點．
做閱讀時經(jīng)常犯錯的主要原因是，僅憑讀過文章后殘留在腦海中的一絲印象來勾選答案，這樣便很容易掉入出題人故意設(shè)布下的題目陷阱．所謂閱讀理解，對于題目的理解一定要忠實于原文，因此，每一道題都應(yīng)該與原文作全面的對比與核查，再得出答案．也就是說，閱讀理解的每一道題目，在原文都應(yīng)該有明確的出處，我們把這一出處叫做原文相關(guān)句，（1）排除與原文相關(guān)句主題不一致的選項（2）排除與原文相關(guān)句態(tài)度相反的選項 （3）排除用于過于極端或負(fù)面的選項（4）注意結(jié)合文章主旨和主題去排除．