4．Some years ago，a Miami woman walking through an office building noticed two men standing together．Several minutes after her leaving，the men murdered a person working in the building．The police determined that the woman was the only witness and could possibly describe them．However，her memory of the men proved disappointingly unclear．Several days later，psychologist Ronald Fisher was brought in to obtain a more complete account from the woman．His interview produced a breakthrough-the woman reported a clear picture of one of the suspects．The important information enabled the police lo arrest the suspect and close the case．
    The police asked Fisher for help because of his rich knowledge in cognitive interview，a kind of memory-rebuilding process．Memory researchers have found that people trying to remember a past event often only recall part of the relevant information．Human memory is selective and it is often distorted by stress．But a person's accurate recall of an event or understanding of a question can be improved using specific interviewing techniques．The"cognitive interview"was developed in the late 1990s．It encourages the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions．The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words，with no interviewer interruptions．The interviewer then goes further with specific techniques，such as having the witness tell the details of what happened from different perspectives （角度）．
    The cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques：thinking about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events； reporting everything that conies to mind about those events，no matter how broken it is retelling events in a variety of time orders，such as from beginning to end，end to beginning，forward or backward； and adopting different perspectives while recalling events．
    Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they obtain nearly 50% more information from witnesses than before training，while error rates remain about the same．It is proved that cognitive interviews are quite important tools in improving the accuracy and completeness of witness testimony （證詞）．
67．The purpose of the passage is toB．
A．give an account of a murder case
B．introduce an idea of cognitive interview
C．prove Fisher was an expert in cognitive interview
D．help a witness to recall information in a cognitive interview
68．What is required to recall in a cognitive interview for a witness？D
A．The exact time at which a murder took place．
B．The information about the event in the time order．
C．The important things that come to his or her mind．
D．The surroundings and feelings at the time of the event．
69．The key point in a cognitive interview is thatA
A．the witness is encouraged to take part in recalling information
B．the interviewer should interrupt the witness from time to time
C．the interview should take place outside the police station
D．the witness should recall details at the scene of the event
70．The underlined word"distorted"in the passage probably means"C
A．a(chǎn)rranged     B．balanced         C．，changed    D．examined．

分析 本篇文章由 Miami 的謀殺事件引出認知訪談，接著介紹了認知訪談這種喚醒記憶的方式．

解答 67-70．BDAC
67：B  主旨題．第一段由 Miami 的謀殺事件引出認知訪談，接著文章介紹了認知訪談這種喚醒記憶的方式，所以作者的目的在于介紹認知訪談，故正確答案為B選項．
68：D 細節(jié)題．由第四段第一句"The cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques：thinking about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events…""認知訪談專注于通過四種回憶技巧引導(dǎo)目擊者：考慮存在于過去事件中的物理環(huán)境和個人感受"可知正確答案為D選項．
62：A  細節(jié)題．由第二段最后一句"It encourages the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions．"可知 cognitive interview 鼓勵目擊者積極投入到記憶喚醒中，A項符合文意，故正確答案為A選項．
63：C細節(jié)題．用C項替換 distorted，則劃線詞所在句"Human memory is selective and it is often distorted by stress．"意為"人類的記憶是有選擇性的，而且它常常由于壓力被扭曲"，符合文意，所以C項正確．B項"平衡"，A項"安排"，D項"檢查"，均不符合文意，故正確答案為C選項．

點評 本文是一篇科教類閱讀，題目涉及多道細節(jié)理解題，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對 性找出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案．推理判斷也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確的答案．

練習冊系列答案
相關(guān)習題

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：選擇題

12．In spite of his ________ to be a scholar in that field，he is not well equipped with that
talent．（　�。�
A．potentialB．competenceC．ambitionD．character

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

15．Although websites such as Facebook and MySpace experienced rapid growth during the middle of the first decade of the 21st century，some users remain unaware of the fact that the information they post online can come back to haunt them．First，employers can monitor employees who maintain a blog，photo diary，or website．Employers can look for controversial（引起爭議的） employee opinions，sensitive information disclosures，or wildly inappropriate conduct．For example，a North Carolina newspaper fired one of its features writers after she created a blog on which she wrote about the strange things of her job and coworkers without signing her real name．
The second unintended use of information from social networking websites is employers who check on prospective employees．A June 11，2006New York Times article reported that many companies use search engines and social networking websites such as MySpace，Xanga，and Facebook to conduct background checks on college campuses．Although the use of MySpace or Google to check a student's background is somewhat unsettling to many undergraduates，the Times noted that the use of Facebook is especially shocking to students who believe that Facebook is limited to current students and recent alum（校友）．
Corporate employers are not the only people interested in college students'lives．The third unintended use of social networking websites is college administrators who monitor the Internet-especially Facebook-for student bad behavior．For example，a college in Boston's Back Bay expelled （除名） its student Government Association President for joining a Facebook group highly critical of a campus police sergeant．In addition，fifteen students at a state university in North Carolina faced charges in court for underage drinking because of photos that appeared on Facebook．
Although more users of websites such as Facebook are becoming aware of the potential dangers of online identities，many regular users still fail to take three basic security precautions（警惕）．First，only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you approve．Second，regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled（不滿的） former associate．Third，never post obviously offensive material under your name or on your page，because，despite the best precautions，this material will likely make its way to the wider world．By taking these simple steps，members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e-community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences．

74．The main purpose of the passage is toB．
A．explain the growth of the digital world from the view of privacy
B．discuss the risks of the digital world and suggest ways to protect yourself
C．propose steps Facebook，MySpace，and Google can take to protect user privacy
D．illustrate potential unintended uses of private information
75．The writer implies that users should take all of the following actions to protect their online privacy EXCEPTC．
A．know to whom you make your online information available
B．a(chǎn)ctively hunt for damaging information posted about you or under your name
C．speak with employers to inform them of any misinformation published about you
D．a(chǎn)void uploading information that would be extremely damaging if it were discovered
76．According to the passage，which of the following does the author imply？A．
A．Information obtained unwillingly from the Internet is permitted in court．
B．It is impossible to protect yourself from unintended uses of information online．
C．Even if you restrict who can view your data，the government may still access it．
D．Done properly，posting offensive information about oneself brings no risk．
77．In the last paragraph the author mainlyD．
A．offers detailed examples to support previous viewpoints
B．further explores the ill-effects of the Internet on the protection of privacy
C．summarizes the points of the above paragraphs
D．provides suggestions to overcome the previously mentioned problems．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

12．President Barack Obama rode a bicycle at the White House Science Fair on April 22．But it wasn't an ordinary bike．As he pedaled，the President stayed in place，while the energy from his pedaling powered a water filtration （過濾） system．He was testing an invention created by a team of 14students from Northeast High School，in Oakland Park，F(xiàn)lorida．
Payton Karr，16，and Kiona Elliot，18，attended the fair as representatives of the project．"We were hoping President Obama would ride the bike，but we didn't actually expect him to，"Payton told TFK．"It really meant a lot．"Kiona agreed．"It was pretty awesome to see the invention，which was invented by a group of 14high school students and one teacher，along with the help of community members，got the interest of the leader of our nation，"she said．
The project was an idea that came about after one of the Northeast students，Kalie Hoke，visited Haiti after the terrible 2010earthquake and saw how difficult it was to find clean water．The students invented a portable（便攜的），bicycle-powered emergency water filtration system，which can provide 20-30people with drinking water in a 15-hour period．The teens hope their invention will one day be used by relief organizations like the Red Cross．"They can take it to places after natural disasters so that water can be clean for the people there，"said Payton．
Payton and Kiona were among the 100students from more than 40states invited to the third annual White House Science Fair，in Washington，D．C．，which is also attended by leaders in science and education．President Obama started the event in 2010to  stimulate  students interested in STEM （Science，Technology，Engineering，Maths）．"Well，if you're a young person and you produce the best experiment or design，you ought to be recognized for that achievement，"Obama said when he first announced the fair．
President Obama praised the projects during a speech to attendees after the fair．"The science fair projects of today could become the products and businesses of tomorrow，"he said．"If you're inventing things in the third grade，what are you going to do by the time you get to college？"

36．What is special about the bicycle President Obama rode？C
A．It can move very fast．
B．It is extremely beautiful．
C．It is used to make water clean．
D．It is made of eco-friendly materials．
37．The representatives of the bicycle-powered water filtration systemD．
A．were both community members
B．graduated from a famous university
C．finished the project with the help of their parents
D．were surprised that their invention interested Obama
38．The bicycle-powered water filtration system was designedD．
A．a(chǎn)t the request of the Red Cross
B．for city families to get pure water
C．during the terrible 2010earthquake in Haiti
D．to provide people in disaster areas with clean water
39．The underlined word"stimulate"in Paragraph 4can be replaced byB．
A．help       B．inspire        C．change        D．entertain
40．We can know from the last sentence in the passage that President ObamaD．
A．wanted the youth to have big dreams
B．encouraged the youth to go to college
C．worried the young inventors would do nothing in college
D．believed the young inventors would have a promising future．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

19．By analyzing academic data from 10states，representing the testing of more than 7.2millions of youths，U．S．researchers found that gender differences in math scores were extremely small among all ethnic groups in grades 2-11．
These findings are in contrast to earlier results from 1990that indicate measurable differences favoring males in complex problem-solving，beginning in the high school years．
Janet Hyde from University of Wisconsin and colleagues reported their study results in the journal Science on Friday．
Currently，women are largely absent from the highest levels of careers in mathematics，the physical sciences，and engineering．In the United States，Ph．D．programs in engineering currently average only about 15percent women，and similar statistics have led to stereotypes （成見）about girls and women lacking in mathematical ability．
Now，it is clear that the general population no longer shows a gender difference in mathematical skills，according to this latest report．
And this new data on academic performance in the United States shows that students are tested frequently on"recall"and"skill/concept"items，but rarely on"strategic thinking"（戰(zhàn)略思維） or"extended thinking"concepts．
If standardized tests do not assess （評估）the sorts of reasoning that are   crucialto careers in science and math，then the skills may not be taught，putting American students at a disadvantage to students in other countries where testing and instruction focuses on more challenging content．"This is a gap that should be fixed，"Hyde said．

61．What is the best title of the passage？B
A．A new study result about math．
B．No gender differences in math．
C．Girls are not good at math．
D．Girls do better in math than boys．
62．Earlier research resultsB．
A．a(chǎn)re the same as that of this latest report
B．indicate that boys are much better in complex problem-solving than girls
C．indicate that girls are much better in complex problem-solving than boys
D．a(chǎn)re completely wrong
63．The underlined word"crucial"in the last paragraph most probably meansC．
A．necessary     B．unimportant     
C．important     D．cruel
64．What Hyde said in the last paragraph means thatB．
A．standardized tests should assess the sorts of reasoning so that the skills may be taught
B．testing and instruction focuses on more challenging content in the USA
C．students in other countries are cleverer than American students
D．students should be tested frequently on"recall"and"skill/concept"items
65．The passage is most probably taken fromD．
A．a(chǎn) science magazine    B．a(chǎn) research paper  
C．a(chǎn) personal diary      D．a(chǎn) newspaper．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

9．At present，in many American cities expecially，many teachers in the public schools say they are underpaid．They point to jobs such as secretary or truck driver，which often pay more to start thanthatof a teacher．In many other fields，such as law，medicine，computer science，a beginning worker may make more than a teacher who has taught for several years．
         Teaching has never been a profession that attracted people interested in high salaries．It is by history a profession that has provided rewards in addition to money-the satisfaction of sharing knowledge，of influencing others，of guiding young people．But in the past several years，there are more difficulties in teaching，for many，than there are rewards．
    Unruly students，especially in big cities，large classes and a lack of support from the public in terms of money and understanding have led many public school teachers to leave the profession．
         As a result，many of the best students，who would have chosen teaching as their life career in the past，are going into other fields．
         Another reason for this change in teacher candidates is the changing status of women in the United States．Until the late 1960s and 1970s，one of the most popular choices for women was teaching．But as other professions，such as law and medicine opened up to women，women stopped pouring into teacher training programs．Thus，a major pool of excellent candidates for the teaching profession dwindled．
         Bit by bit government officials and others realized that the status of the teacher had suffered．They talked about change．But the change in a vast society like the United States is not easy．People's attitudes have formed over many years，and sometimes change takes many years．
63．The underlined word"that"in Paragraph 1 refers to"B"．
A．money                                                               
B．job
C．secretary                                                          
D．truck driver
64．What is the present situation of the teaching？A
A．Teachers work harder and get underpaid．
B．Teahcers have no opportunities to work in other fields．
C．Teaching can attract best students to work as a teacher．
D．Teaching can provide rewards as well as high salaries．
65．Many public school teachers turn to other professions becauseD．
A．the government doesn't finacially support them
B．they have to work longer hours than a lawyer
C．their students refuse to listen to them
D．they are not fairly treated
66．The author believes that change in teachers'status in the United StatesD．
A．is not great            
B．is impossible
C．influences people's attitude
D．needs time．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：選擇題

16．Perhaps I'm not quite fit for the job，but ________，please let me．have a try．（　　）
A．somehowB．anywayC．thereforeD．though

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

13．Here is an astonishing and significant fact：Mental work alone can't make us tire．It  sounds absurd．But a few years ago，scientists tried to find out how long the human brain  could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue（疲勞）．To the amazement of these scientists，they discovered that blood passing through the brain，when it is active，shows no fatigue at all!If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer，we would find it full of fatigue toxins at and fatigue products．But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein，it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day．
So far as the brain is concerned，it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or  even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning．The brain is totally tireless．So what makes us tired？
Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional attitudes．One of England's most outstanding scientists，J．A．Hadfield，says，"The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin．In fact，fatigue of purely physical origin is rare．"Dr．Brill，a famous American scientist，goes even further，He declares，"One hundred percent of the fatigue of sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems．"
What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired？Joy？Satisfaction？No!A feeling of being bored，anger，anxiety，tenseness，worry，a feeling of not being appreciated-those are the emotions that tire sitting workers．Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue．We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body．

24．What surprised the scientists a few years ago？C
A．Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer's blood．
B．Albert Einstein didn't feel worn after a day's work．
C．The brain could work for many hours without fatigue．
D．A mental worker's blood was filled with fatigue toxins．
25．According to the author，which of the following can make sitting workers tired？B
A．Challenging mental work    
B．Unpleasant emotions
C．Endless tasks 
D．Physical labor．
26．What's the author's attitude towards the scientists'idea？A
A．He agrees with them．    B．He doubts them．
C．He argues against them． D．He hesitates to accept them．
27．What do sitting workers need to do in order to stay energetic？B
A．Have some good food．    B．Enjoy their work．
C．Exercise regularly．     D．Discover fatigue toxins．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：填空題

14．"Finally，no more exams．"It's a common feeling among high school graduates who have just completed the college entrance examination．What a （61）relief （relieve）!However，rather than fill the next three months（62）with sleeping，eating，and watching TV，some students have started working on finding a good choice of foreign college．
Different from those who begin their applications for foreign colleges in Senior 2，Li made a late decision on a US education．She began to think about it in Senior 3，but decided not（63）to give （give） up the college entrance exam．
Li's classmate Mao Bingxin is considering studying in Canada after the top exam．She began a TOEFL course on June 11．
He Wei，（64）an 18-year-old boy who studies at Shenzhen Bao'an High School，isn't allowing herself much freedom this summer vacation either，（65）devoting （devote） her time to looking for a language school （66）where she can study French and some overseas study consulting agencies．
He Wei considers （67）itworthwhile to spend the summer preparing for college rather than hanging out with friends．"Although we don't really know（68）whatthe future will be like，we are sure that only when we make （69）better （good） preparations for it，will we（70）be offered （offer）  more chances．"she said．

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習冊答案